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- W34316713 abstract "Designs 20. Images .20 .18 .80 .15 .09 .17 21. Poor Images .02 .35 .39 .61 -.16 -.07 22. Elaborations -.05 .10 .71 .30 -.31 .19 23. Ambiguous References .19 .01 .67 -.04 .15 .22 24. Egocentric Explanations .01 .13 .21 .54 .02 .18 25. Multiple Concept Explanations .31 02 .36 .63 .06 -.15 Naming Test 26. Appropriate Responses -.47 .09 .22 .16 .35 .03 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.100 on Thu, 25 Aug 2016 04:34:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Acquisition of Schoo/ Language They can be conveniently separated into two grammatical and four communication factors. Only those scales with a loading greater than .50 are considered in the interpretation which follows. Factor I (19% of the variance), a grammatical factor, is inter preted as Productive Knowledge of Classroom Grammar. Factor II (16% of the variance), a communication factor, seems best de scribed as Speech Output. The Story Telling Relevant Details test was ignored for purposes of interpretation even though it loaded on this factor, since it was discrepant with the other tests that loaded here. Factor III (12% of the variance), a communication factor, is interpreted as Elaborated and Ambiguous Speech. Factor IV (7% of the variance), a communication factor, is interpreted as Egocen tric Information. Factor V (7% of the variance), a communication factor, is interpreted as Communication of Relevant Content. Fac tor VI (7% of the variance), a grammatical factor, is interpreted as Grammatical Comprehension of Classroom English. Analysis of Variance Separate 2x2 analyses of variance with repeated measures were performed for measures with high loadings on the six factors (Table 2) and measures with low factor loadings, that is, below .50 (Table 3), as well as measures not included in the factor analysis. High factor loadings. Analyses of variables with high loadings will be discussed to determine the effects associated with social class and schooling. Factor I: productive knowledge of classroom grammar. Middle class children performed significantly better than lower-class chil dren for all measures that loaded on this factor. However the picture is a bit more complicated when the effects associated with schooling are examined. For two of the measures—production errors and wh questions errors—both groups improved their performance sig nificantly over the year. There were also significant interaction effects for these two measures showing that the lower-class children were more similar to the middle-class children at the end of the year than at the beginning. There were no similar improvements for the three grammatical story telling measures. Flowever, these three raw scores may not represent the child's productive grammatical abilities since they do not account for the number of errors made in relation to speech out put. Therefore, only the number of morphological and phrase struc ture errors made in relation to speech output should be considered. When this is done, middle-class children still made significantly fewer errors than lower-class children (Table 2)i however, there is a significant decrease in the number of errors made relative to speech output for both groups from preto post tests. Thus the results of variables loading on this factor indicate a general difference between This content downloaded from 157.55.39.100 on Thu, 25 Aug 2016 04:34:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms MERRILL-PALMER QUARTERLY" @default.
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- W34316713 title "Social Class Differences in the Acquisition of School Language." @default.
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