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• W343810587 abstract "Caring and Curing: Historical Perspectives on Women and Healing in CanadaDianne Dodd and Deborah Gorham, eds. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1994; 218 pp.Reviewed by Jan Clarke Dept. of Sociology York University North York, OntarioCaring and Curing is a collection of essays on the history of women and health care in Canada. The agency of women as nurses, midwives, patients and members of laywomen's organizations is considered central to the shifting of boundaries of medical practice in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Contributors to the book challenge the notion that women as nurses and midwives are the caregivers while men as physicians and medical officers are the curers. The assumption that women in caring occupations are merely subordinate handmaidens to the dominant autonomous male physicians is brought into question.The two main themes of these essays are the development of nursing and the demise of midwifery in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The three essays on the development of nursing focus on important aspects of this history that are often overlooked - middle class women's activism, public health nursing, and nursing as a scientific practice. Beverly Boutilier traces the role of the Council of Women in organizing nursing in the late nineteenth century. The contradictions confronted when organizing caring occupations are exposed by the Council of Women's attempts to promote the traditional construction of nursing as women's work, while at the same time advocating the value of trained nurses to modern medicine. Council of Women members attempted to shift undervalued domestic caring labour to paid professional nursing by emphasizing the value of order, cleanliness and christianity. This approach led to the undervaluing of the caring skills of nurses, at the same time as nurses posed a potential threat to the traditionally male medical authority.Meryn Stuart's essay on the professionalization of nursing and its expansion into district nursing traces the way the boundaries between nursing and medicine became blurred as nurses gained medical expertise. The development of district nursing offers a useful context to expose the dilemma faced by nurses as they promoted themselves as cheaper than physicians, yet also tried to negotiate with physicians to gain some authority in medical practice.To highlight the contribution of nursing to medical practice, Kathryn McPherson argues that nurses did not conform to the role of subordinate caregivers. Instead, nurses' training was grounded in germ theory and their practice structured by asceptic technique, so that both caring and curing were part of nursing work. Drawing on a detailed historiography of the Winnipeg General Hospital, McPherson demonstrates that nurses actively create the practice of scientific medicine by consistently using scientific knowledge in their work.Once nurses were trained and organized they may have offered some challenge to the authority of doctors; however, J.T.H. Connor argues that midwives in Ontario in the late nineteenth century were far less effective than nurses in challenging medical authority. In contrast to feminist literature which claims midwives lost their considerable authority over childbirth at this time, Connor argues that without a midwifery training program to legitimize their professionalization, the demise of midwifery was inevitable. …" @default.
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• W343810587 title "Caring & Curing: Historical Perspectives on Women & Healing in Canada // Review" @default.
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