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• W34399522 startingPage "46" @default.
• W34399522 abstract "evolution of cooperative, pro-social behavior under circumstances in which individual interests are at odds with common interests-circumstances characterized as social dilemmas-remains a largely unsolved, multidisciplinary puzzle. Approaches to these types of problems have, for the most part, been applications of evolutionary game theory. While the study of networks, complex systems, and nonlinear dynamics has pervaded most scientific disciplines, the application of related tools to the study of social dilemmas represents a very new, but extremely promising means of shedding light on the quandary of cooperation. In this work, we situate agents engaging in social dilemma games on complex social networks, allowing us to more fully investigate the impact of average degree and degree variance, or heterogeneity of degree, on the evolution of pro-social behavior. Our results suggest that increasing homogeneity of degree produces network effects that make the emergence of pro-social behaviors more likely thereby increasing overall social welfare. As such, homogeneity of degree is properly thought of as a collective good. Introduction Cooperation has been vital to the evolution of all living things, including singlecelled organisms (Velicer, 2005, 2003; Velicer & Stredwick, 2002; Crespi, 2001; Velicer et al, 2000; Boorman & Levitt, 1980), fish (Brosnan et al, 2003; Dugatkin, 1991, 1992, 1997; Milinski, 1987), birds (Brown & Brown, 1996; Faaborg et al, 1995), canines (Creel & Creel, 2002; Courchamp & Macdonald, 2001; Fentress & Ryon, 1986), felines (Caro, 1994; Packer & Pusey, 1982), non-human primates (Brosnan & de Waal, 2003; de Waal, 1996, 1982; Harcourt & de Waal, 1992; Chapais, 1992), and humans (Ostrom et al, 1999; Fehr & Fischbacher, 2003; Johnson et al, 2003). Even so, the evolution of cooperative, pro-social behavior under circumstances in which individual interests are at odds with common interests, (circumstances characterized as social dilemmas (Gotts et al, 2003; Dawes & Messick, 2000)), remains a largely unsolved, multidisciplinary puzzle (Hammerstein, 2003). Approaches to these types of problems have, for the most part, been applications of evolutionary game theory (Gintis, 2000; Hofbauer & Sigmund, 1998; MaynardSmith, 1982; Maynard-Smith & Price, 1973; Trivers, 1971; Hamilton, 1967; von Neumann & Morgenstern, 1944) and due to their importance as generalized models of many important socio-economic situations (Tomassini, 2006), iconic games such as the Prisoner's Dilemma have been widely employed as metaphors (Doebeli & Hauert, 2005; Axelrod & Hamilton, 1981; Axelrod, 1984; Nowak & Sigmund, 1992, 2004; Nowak & May, 1992; Maynard-Smith, 1982;Sugden, 1986). At the same time, the study of networks, complex systems, and nonlinear dynamics has pervaded all of science (Strogatz, 2001)1. Indeed, E.O. Wilson, who once characterized the evolution of cooperation as one of the greatest challenges for modern biology (Wilson, 2000), more recently made a more emphatic appeal for research on complex systems. The greatest challenge today, not just in cell biology and ecology, but in all of science, is the accurate and complete description of complex systems. Scientists have broken down many kinds of systems. They think they know most of the elements and forces. next task is to reassemble them, at least in mathematical models that capture the key properties of the entire ensembles. (Wilson, 1998: 85). application of complex systems tools and network analysis methodologies to the study of social dilemmas represents a very new, but extremely promising means of shedding light on the quandary of cooperation (Hanaki etat, 2007; Fu et al, 2007; Ohtsuki et al, 2006; Santos et al, 2006a, 2006b; Szabo & Fath, 2006; Tomassini et al, 2006; Santos & Pacheco, 2005; Santos et al, 2005; Lieberman et al, 2005; Abramson Sl Kuperman, 2001; Skyrms &Pemantle, 2000). …" @default.
• W34399522 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W34399522 creator A5049649155 @default.
• W34399522 date "2008-10-01" @default.
• W34399522 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W34399522 title "Heterogeneity of Degree and the Emergence of Cooperation in Complex Social Networks" @default.
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