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• W34478412 abstract "Ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. is a serious disease of maize plants worldwide, which can be divided in two types: Red ear rot or Gibberella ear rot (GER), and Pink ear rot or Fusarium ear rot (FER). Apart from impairment of the yield, it leads to quality losses due to accumulation of mycotoxins in food and feed which lead to serious health impairment of human and animals. The most problematic Fusarium mycotoxins occurring in Germany are deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins. Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are produced by F. graminearum, the most important causal agent of Red ear rot, while fumonisins are produced F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum, which are mostly isolated from cobs with Pink ear rot symptoms. For epidemiological studies, species-specific determination of fungal biomass is required. In previous works, a real-time PCR assays for species-specific quantification of the biomass of F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were established. With the help of receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the relationship between sensitivity and specificity was investigated and the optimal cut off point and was determined. Because whole maize plants are used for silage for livestock feeding, the spread of fungal mycelium of F. graminearum and the presence of mycotoxins in the stem below and above artificially inoculated cobs was investigated. To study the importance of the harvest time points, the accumulation of fungal biomass and mycotoxins was determined at silage maturity and grain maturity. It is shown that mycotoxins did hardly spread in the stems near the cob until silage harvest, but at grain maize maturity mycotoxins were found in the stems above and below the infected cob. In contrast to the mycotoxins, F. graminearum seems to grow more often in the stems above the infected cob. No correlation was found between ear rot symptoms in the cob and mycotoxin contamination in the stems. As both F. graminearum and F. verticillioides occur frequently in maize grown in Germany, the interaction between these fungi when being simultaneous injected in the silk channel at six harvest time points was investigated. F. graminearum was severely reduced both in fungal growth and mycotoxin accumulation, while F. verticillioides was not at all affected by the presence of F. graminearum. The dynamic of mycotoxin accumulation showed that deoxynivalenol and fumonisins were produced relatively early in pathogenesis, while zearalenone occurred at later time points. This is a sign that zearalenone is possibly not involved in pathogenesis. Fusarium spp. survives in plant debris, which leads to the suspicion that tilling practices and crop rotation influences the occurrence of Fusarium caused ear rot. Because organic and conventional cropping systems differ in these practices, different maize genotypes were simultaneous grown in three years under conventional and organic conditions. No significant differences in means of ear rot occurrence and accumulation of fungal biomass and mycotoxins were observed which can clearly be subscribed to the organic or conventional cropping system." @default.
• W34478412 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W34478412 creator A5036258641 @default.
• W34478412 date "2022-02-20" @default.
• W34478412 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W34478412 title "Colonization of maize with Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin accumulation" @default.
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• W34478412 doi "https://doi.org/10.53846/goediss-3557" @default.
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