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• W345419341 abstract "Preempting the Holocaust, by Lawrence LangerLawrence Langer deserves his contemporary reputation as one of the finest, most sensitive, and most profound readers of and listeners to death camp survivors' texts and testimonies. His extraordinary books such as The and the Literary Imagination (1975), The Age of Atrocity: Death in Modern Literature (1978), and especially Testimonies: The Ruins of Memory (1991), which won the National Book Critics Circle Award in Criticism that year, have taught us many things, especially that some experiences are beyond the reach of language, and that the death camps remain situated like distant black holes, spinning just beyond our understanding.In this collection of eleven essays, some which have been previously published elsewhere, Langer returns to his principal literary and philosophical themes concerning the limits of language, but he also raises new questions and attempts to extend his reach beyond death camp memoirs and testimonies to historical and pedagogical materials concerning the Holocaust. And when he does so he sometimes overreaches. Insights that served him well in dealing with testimonies of death camp survivors limit his understanding of historical and social scientific works dealing with the Holocaust.A central problem with Langer is his conflating the Holocaust with the death camp atrocity experience. This leads him, on the one hand, to view all Jewish survivors as victims of circumstances or of chances totally beyond their control. On the other hand, it also induces him to believe that certain acts are so heinous and beyond the moral ken that trying to understand them in sociological or psychological terms runs the risk of pardoning the murderers and relativizing the Holocaust.Other scholars find Langer's focus too narrow. They view the as a historical process moving through at least three phases: 1) the Nazi seizure and consolidation of power (1933-1939); 2) the Second World War and concentration and ghettoization of the Jews (1939-1941); 3) the attack on the Soviet Union and the implementation of the Final Solution (1941-1945). In the period of seizure and consolidation of Nazi power, German and Austrian Jews first tried to ride out the storm, and then, after Kristallnacht in 1938, most tried to flee. In the period of war and ghettoization, many Jews complied with Nazi directives and attempted to survive by making themselves useful in a strategy of survival through work. In the period of extermination, most Jews were indeed caught completely unaware of the Nazis' final aims or they denied -- mostly to themselves -- the terrible truth. They perished, some by shooting squads, some by starvation and mistreatment, most by gassing.At the risk of stressing the obvious, it should be apparent from this brief sketch that all European Jews did not experience the in the same way. Those who were in hiding on the Aryan side did not experience the death camp; those who were incarcerated in camps could not share in the partisan experience in the forests or the cities. Hence, to make the death camp canonical and have it stand for the is to confuse the part with the whole. Langer is right to remind us that the concentration camp and death camp systems, as well as pure chance, largely determined who would live and who would die, and what they did. By the same token, however, the experience of living in hiding on false papers of identity on the Aryan side, or fighting in the forests, was less pre-ordained, less driven by chance and incomprehensible brutality, and more directed by choice and resistance to circumstances. …" @default.
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• W345419341 title "Preempting the Holocaust, by Lawrence Langer" @default.
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