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• W347383409 abstract "INTRODUCTION The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) prohibits all licensing, certification, and testing authorities from discriminating against applicants with mental or physical disabilities.(1) Titles II and III of the ADA govern the entities that create and administer examinations.(2) These sections contain provisions requiring the testing entities to accommodate individuals with mental and physical disabilities.(3) As an increasing amount of candidates for the New York State Bar Examination are requesting accommodations for more time,(4) these provisions are becoming extremely important for the testing entities and for all of the applicants who take the exam.(5) These requests are most often from learning disabled applicants.(6) The issue of whether individuals with learning disabilities should be allowed more time on the bar exam has recently been litigated in federal court in the Western and Southern Districts of New York.(7) This is controversial issue with many implications that reach beyond how disabled applicants should be treated while taking the New York State Bar Examination, including raising the fundamental question about the need for the exam altogether. The decision to grant or deny these accommodations opens up room for debate on variety of related issues including: (i) whether the bar exam tests minimum competency; (ii) whether accommodations undermine the integrity of the test; (iii) whether working under tight time constraints is skill necessary for competent attorneys; and (iv) what qualifies as learning disability. These are not easy questions and until they are resolved the applicants for the New York State Bar Examination, both disabled and non-disabled, will be left to wonder if the test is administered fairly, or is fair at all. The purpose of this Comment is to examine the various issues that arise when learning disabled applicants seek accommodations for the bar exam, and to consider the path the Board of Examiners (the Board) should follow in dealing with these requests. Part I provides brief overview of the ADA, how it applies to the bar exam, and the regulations that enforce it.(8) Part II provides an overview of the New York State Bar Examination, what the exam entails, and the processes and policies that govern requests for accommodations.(9) Part III analyzes the arguments for and against the proposition that the bar exam actually tests minimum competency.(10) Part IV explains the current views on what is learning disability.(11) Part V reviews the recent federal court cases involving learning disabled applicants seeking accommodations for the bar and medical exams, and includes an overview of the Board's approach to requests for accommodations.(12) The sixth and final part lays out the possible solutions to the problem of accommodating persons for the bar exam, in contrast to the Board's current approach, and the feasibility of each one.(13) This Comment does not purport to decide whether the bar exam as whole is valid. This is an issue too broad for the confines of this Comment; however, assuming that the bar exam is valid, it is the position of this Comment that the test need not be administered under tight time constraints for all applicants. Therefore, the Board's approach to requests for accommodations from individuals with learning disabilities is flawed. I. THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT The ADA was passed in 1990 to provide clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities.(14) The statute defines disability as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of [an] individual.(15) Mental disabilities such as specific learning disabilities fall into this definition because learning is considered major life activity.(16) Under the ADA, applicants who request accommodations for the bar exam must establish that they are `qualified individual[s] with disability. …" @default.
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• W347383409 date "1998-12-22" @default.
• W347383409 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W347383409 title "An Examination of the New York State Board of Law Examiners' Policy towards Individuals with Learning Disabilities" @default.
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