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- W34861251 abstract "European Critical Infrastructures, as define in Green book (COM(2005) 576, November 2005), could include those physical resources, services, information technology facilities, networks and infrastructure assets, which, if disrupted or destroyed would have serious impacts on the health, safety, security, economic or social well-being of either Member States. Critical infrastructure can be damaged, destroyed or disrupted by deliberate acts of terrorism, natural disasters, negligence, accidents or computer hacking, criminal activity and malicious behavior. To save the lives and property of people at risk in the EU from terrorism, natural disasters and accidents, any disruptions or manipulations of CI should, to the extent possible, be brief, infrequent, manageable, geographically isolated and minimally detrimental to the welfare of the Member States, their citizens and the European Union.The gas distribution network is a critical infrastructure and the damage or an accident can cause damage to structures and people. Similarly, the network is vulnerable because the lack of gas supply due to social and political problems, such as the Ukraine-Russia crisis or the recent political changes in Libya, may create inefficiencies.The aim of this thesis is to analyze and then estimate the risk assessment of this infrastructure, in particular the study will focus on the quantitative risk analysis (QRA).In this thesis critical infrastructures studied are two: the Italian natural gas distribution network at high pressure and the hypothetic UK pipeline network of CO2 from Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS) processes. The work of CO2 network was conducted at Imperial College of London, in collaboration with Professor Sandro. Macchietto.The networks studied are different because the transported substances produce different consequences: natural gas is a flammable, while CO2 is toxic material, at high concentrations leads to asphyxiation.For natural gas network it was necessary to create a database with the data from different company that operate in this sector. The network was simulated with process simulator Aspen Plus ®, because data of pressure and flow rate of each section of network were missing and they required for the software of consequences calculation, PHAST. Thanks to the simulator it has been possible to study the vulnerability of the network in case of interruption of gas supply from other exporting countries, as ex Soviet countries and countries of North Africa, highlighting the dependence Italian by importing countries. The simulations have shown the important role of regasification terminals for liquefied natural gas (LNG), as they help to make independent a country .Quantitative risk analysis due to accident was conducted following the methodology proposed in the literature, described in Chapter 1 and Chapter 4.Failure frequency and the consequences were assessed by literature data and methodologies that are based on the techniques of event tree.The consequences estimation was perform with the software PHAST of DNV company.The results of risk analysis is the determination of local risk and social risk. the social risk was calculated for a section of network, because the data of population density available were for Friuli Venezia Giulia, Veneto and Trentino Alto Adige regions.Another case study of risk analysis of natural gas distribution network was conducted to off-shore LNG terminal. The LNG terminal analyzed is Floating Storage and Regasification Unit terminal (FSRU).For the CO2 network the consequences of release were evaluated.The results show that the proposed safety improvement are different for the two network types. The natural gas network is a network that is structured and then consolidated then the actions arising from risk will be mitigation and prevention actions. Considering the results obtained from the analysis of consequences of CO2 network, proximity of the network to population centers can produce injuries. Being a network proposal, the actions, that it can take, are to verify from technical and economic point of view, the shift of one or more parts of the network outside the areas whit high or medium density population. afterwards it is necessary to analyze the consequences associated with a release to see if the actions had improvements the safety." @default.
- W34861251 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W34861251 date "2012-01-26" @default.
- W34861251 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W34861251 title "Risk analysis of gas distribution network" @default.
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