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• W350066487 abstract "A While may not dominate headlines the way it used to, it has not gone away. What exactly is the bird flu? Just like humans, birds also get the flu. Avian influenza, or flu, is caused by influenza A viruses common in wild and migratory birds, who are often unaffected by this virus carried in their intestines. The flu can be transmitted through their feces, saliva, and nasal secretions to other domestic birds, such as turkeys and chickens, for whom the virus can be fatal. The bird flu comes in variety of subtypes, which are named for the way they combine two proteins on the virus' surface: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. subtypes cause serious disease and death rapidly in birds as compared to low pathenogenic varieties, which often go undetected. Highly pathogenic H5N1 is one of the rare virus subtypes that have crossed the species barrier to humans. First detected in in 1997, it can manifest itself through flu-like symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, muscle aches), difficulty breathing, pneumonia, and eye infections, although each case varies. In humans, the virus is typically transmitted through direct contact with infected poultry or surfaces contaminated by their secretions or excretions. There have been limited number of human-to-human transmissions (HHS 2008), and no evidence of the virus spreading through properly cooked poultry or eggs has been found. In October 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) had recorded 387 human cases of H5N1 in Asia, Africa, and Europe, 245 of which were fatal (2008). Thankfully, there has never been an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 in the United States. So far, Indonesia and Vietnam have had the highest number of infections. Some scientists worry that the bird flu may be the next pandemic--or worldwide outbreak of disease--but no one can be certain if or when this will occur. Globalization and the nature of viruses to mutate and replicate make this an especially sensitive issue. According to WHO, pandemic occurs when three conditions are met: a new influenza virus subtype emerges [that have little or no immunity to]; it infects humans, causing serious illness; and it spreads easily and sustainably among humans (2008). While the bird flu meets the first two conditions, it has yet to achieve the third. If the bird flu were to achieve that crucial third step, what could we expect? It is estimated that vaccine (specific to the strain) could be designed up to six months after pandemic outbreak occurs (HHS 2008). Until that time, widespread illness and casualties would be estimated. (Three pandemics [1918, 1957, and 1968] occurred in the last century, and each subsequent pandemic was less severe than the previous one. In the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, around 50 million people died worldwide; in the most recent, the 1968 Hong Kong flu pandemic, over 700,000 died [HHS 2008]. …" @default.
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• W350066487 date "2008-11-01" @default.
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• W350066487 title "Q: A Student Recently Asked Me about the Bird Flu. Is It Still a Threat?" @default.
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