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• W355303532 abstract "The increasing concern about world dependence on oil as well as the more and more stringent regulation concerning atmosphere pollution, have generated a wide interest in the more efficient use of natural gas. Vast reserves of methane lie in remote parts of the world, yet cannot be utilized as the economics of gaseous transportation remain wastefully expensive. The conventional route from hydrocarbon feedstocks to the synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) is via steam reforming (SR), where kinetics, and hence the throughput, is limited to a large extent by the rate at which the heat generated in external burners can be transferred to the catalytic reformer where endothermic reactions take place [1-3]. Several industrial appliances are based on the autothermal reforming (ATR) or the partial oxidation (POX) process characterized by the heat generation directly inside the reactor. Some valuable features characterize the POX process compared with the other reforming technologies. There is no need for external heat sources and limited or negligible need of additional fluids like de-ionized water. Moreover, it has a good dynamic response and can be applied to almost all of the usual hydrocarbon feedstocks. However, the main drawbacks are the comparatively low hydrogen yield and the tendency to produce soot at sub-stoichiometric air/fuel ratios λ characteristic of its operating conditions [4,5]. There are two types of POX processes: CPOX (catalytic partial oxidation) and TPOX (thermal partial oxidation). To achieve high hydrogen and CO yields λ must be low (ideally 0.25, in the case of methane). However, by decreasing the air rate, the reaction temperature drops, which slows down the reaction rate till extinction. In free flame reactors this results in extinction and/or soot formation are generally encountered for TPOX reactors at λ values higher than those typical of CPOX ones. One way to get closer to the theoretical limits is the use of catalysts, which accelerate the reaction rate. However, catalysts are sensible against poisoning, coke clogging and get easily damaged by temperatures above 1000°C even after short time periods, thus a significant degree of control is required. This paper deals with the detection of soot nanoparticles emitted from a CPOX and TPOX reactors. Tests carried out on these reactors equipped with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), showed a different behaviour concerning the emission of secondary nanoparticles (< 30 nm) at various λ values. The analysis of different operating conditions on this phenomenon is here discussed." @default.
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• W355303532 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W355303532 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W355303532 title "Emission and trapping of particulates from TPOX and CPOX reformers" @default.
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