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• W37612589 abstract "Every textbook has a chapter on it. Every vocational rehabilitation provider says they do it. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 requires it. It, being placement. Placement and employer development are pivotal--some would suggest primary--to the rehabilitation process. Section 2 goal number 8 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act (Public Law 93-112) states rehabilitation services should be designed to promote and expand employment opportunities in the public and private sectors for handicapped individuals and place such individuals in employment. There are approximately 13 million people with disabilities who are working age, and only 37% of these work full or part time (ICD, 1986). When the remaining 8 million people with disabilities were surveyed, 67% indicated that they wanted to work (ICD, 1986). Despite the legal mandate and billions of dollars spent on vocational rehabilitation, approximately 2/3 of working age people with serious disabilities remain un- or underemployed (McCarthy, 1988; Wehman & Melia, 1985). Consequently, although thousands of consumers have benefited from rehabilitation services, much more needs to be done. Since the inception of civilian vocational rehabilitation in 1920 a number of placement models have been developed and implemented. These models all have merit, and can point to successfully employed clients as confirmation of their success. However, a current unique convergence of trends makes the 1990s an appropriate time to introduce a new model--demand-side job development. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the characteristics of the current models, outline the characteristics of the new model, and show how demand-side job development capitalizes on the unique trends of the 1990s. Current Delivery Models Almost all current placement and job development services fall within one of the following four delivery models: Rehabilitation counselor provided; specialized professionals; subcontracted service; and supported employment (place-first models). The traditional approach has been to view placement as the end-state of the vocational rehabilitation counselor/client relationship (Gandy, Martin, Hardy & Cull, 1987; Vandergoot 1987a; Wright, 1980). Research has focused on the skills needed by rehabilitation counselors to successfully place clients along with the specific services, techniques, and time required for success (Vandergoot 1987b; Zadny & James, 1976; Zadny & James, 1977). This model still dominates the State-Federal system where most counselors work under some numerical requirement to successfully rehabilitate people with disabilities. In most states success is based on the number of status code 26 closures (this is the State-Federal designation of a case closed rehabilitated) that a counselor obtains. A study of the attitudes of the 64 members of the Council of State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation (CSAVR)(Herbert & Wright, 1985) indicated that they felt rehabilitation counselor education programs should put more emphasis on job placement and job development skill enhancement. This finding further supports the idea that the directors of the state vocational rehabilitation departments view placement as an important job requirement of their counselors. The second model entails the use of specialized professionals. A study by Pelavin (1988) indicated that there are approximately 328 full time equivalents (FTE's) nationwide identified as placement specialists. (In comparison to 6,635 counselors). This model emerged during the mid 1970s (Melia, 1984). A number of factors contributed to the development of this model including the focus of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act on people with the most severe disabilities, and service delivery advances such as job club (Azrin, Flores, & Kaplan, 1975; Vandergoot, 1987a). A great deal of research also has focused on how specialized placement services should be structured to enhance client outcomes (McLoughlin, Garner & Callahan, 1987; Molinaro, 1977). …" @default.
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• W37612589 date "1992-10-01" @default.
• W37612589 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W37612589 title "Demand-Side Job Development: A Model for the 1990s" @default.
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