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- W38061759 abstract "Shooting noise in the vicinity of small arms ranges and military training facilities can have three major blast sources: the muzzle blast from the propellant, the sonic boom from the supersonic flying projectile and the demolition blast from the exploding shell at the target. At the receiver, the blasts from these sources will typically arrive at different times and from different directions and each are heard as a single event depending on the relative location of the receiver point to the firing position and the trajectory of the projectile. Muzzle blast and the demolition blast at the target can be described in the same way; their sources are explosions in air radiating a blast signature to be described as a point source with strong directivity. In contrast, sonic boom is generated along the trajectory of the projectile; the radiation direction strongly correlates to the local speed of the projectile relative to the local sound speed. The area directly affected by the sonic boom is the projection of cones at the ground surface in firing direction. Each cone is established by the wave vectors from a certain point at the trajectory. Normally there are no residential areas in those affected areas or if they are far away. Therefore, in the context of shooting noise prediction and assessment, the projectile noise is normally not considered. However, due to reflections at safety baffles on German small arms ranges there is sonic boom also in the rear of the ranges. In addition, for long distance, high elevation trajectories of howitzer shots sonic boom is spreading across a large area including residential areas. In both situations noise prediction and assessment should include sonic boom. For howitzer shots, the German rules for shooting noise prediction in the vicinity of military training facilities describe an useful empirical model for CSEL levels, /1/. However, this model needs projectile-specific measurements to determine the basic source data and is only validated for high elevation howitzer shots. In order to include sonic boom for small arms and flat shots of arbitrary projectiles, a more general model is needed." @default.
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- W38061759 date "2000-01-01" @default.
- W38061759 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W38061759 title "ANALYSIS OF LOW-FREQUENCY PROJECTILE NOISE SIGNALS MEASURED CLOSE TO THE GROUND" @default.
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