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• W38480569 abstract "Times River: Archaeological Syntheses from the Lower Mississippi Valley. JANET RAFFERTY and EVAN PEACOCK (editors). University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, 2008. 672 pp., figs., tables, references, index. $85.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8173-1614-3; $49.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-8173-5489-3.Reviewed by Jayur Madhusudan MehtaTimes River is an exceptional and long-overdue volume. One of the more recent syntheses of Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) archaeology to be published in the last 15 years, it is informative, provocative, and challenging, setting the stage for archaeologists to plan future studies in this remarkable region. The chapters fall into three categories: theory and method critique, topical skills overview, and culture history review/ outlook. Readers will find the methodological chapters most useful for their own studies, as they each provide excellent examples of innovative approaches to doing archaeological research. In addition, specialists in the archaeology of the Mississippi Delta will find the index and bibliography a practical guide for new sources of data.The editors of Times River waste no time and begin with a challenge to all archaeologists - cultural resource management (CRM) should be a research pursuit. Given that CRM is largely designed to prevent inadvertent impacts to sensitive aspects of the cultural environment, wringing scholarly research out of CRM work will require both creativity and ingenuity. This may not always be possible, but nevertheless, the intent is admirable. Furthermore, by enlisting outside scholars to write for this volume, the editors have brought some much needed controversy and stimulation to the region. I sincerely do hope this book will inspire discussion among scholars ascribing to culture-historical and evolutionary-selectionist paradigms, or any other such viewpoint, and eventually lead to innovative approaches to Southeastern and Americanist archaeology (see Blitz 2010:4 for a similar sentiment).The third chapter, a review of previous archaeological studies in the LMV, is the last of the introductory chapters and brings the book into geographical focus. Written by Robert Dunnell, it highlights at least five different phases in Delta archaeology. Even those familiar with Americanist archaeology will find this discussion useful. Dunnell begins with antiquarianism and ends with a not-too-optimistic view of the CRM era. Characterized by methodological eclecticism and inconsistent field methods, he suggests CRM archaeology can only conduct feasible research at the level of the single project - without a unifying theory and consistent language, large scale studies will remain out of reach.Chapter four begins the Theory and Method section and is also authored by Dunnell. After a brief historical overview on archaeological classification, Dunnell explores in detail the various incarnations of type-variety systematics. His enlightening review showcases the disagreements and controversies that may have plagued Phillips, Ford, and Griffin in the composition of their 1951 volume and Phillips in his 1970 volume. He then turns to a revaluation of the phase concept, a topic Ian Brown also addresses later in the book (Ch. 16). Ending optimistically, he claims that with the right attitude, LMV archaeology can regain its position at the forefront of Americanist archaeology through detailed and explicit research programs with clearly defined theoretical perspectives.Peacock's chapter on paleoenvironmental modeling is both topical review and theoretical evaluation. He summarizes previous approaches to environmental modeling, such as those by Harold Fisk and Roger Saucier, and proposes looking to innovative sources of data, such as macrobotanical remains, phytoliths, small mammal remains, and mollusks, to understand early Holocene environments.Chapter six by Janet Rafferty is a critique of the phase concept outlined in Phillips' 1970 volume. She deconstructs his phase designations and offers as a solution, a smaller, more fundamental unit of comparison for settlement pattern studies, the occupation. …" @default.
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