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• W39336885 abstract "The influence of 4 types of trap-stem differing in tunnel diameter, length and position of entrance hole (drilled in end or side of stem) on mortality, sex ratio and body size of progeny of Hoplitis fulgida was studied at 3 sites in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Nesting females exhibited a significant preference for end holes of the widest diameter and deepest bore. Predators and parasites were the primary cause of immature mortality: the most important were species of Stelis (Megachilidae), Aritranis (Ichneu monidae), Tricrania (Meloidae), and Trichodes (Cleridae). The fauna attacking H. fulgida varied considerably both among sites and among nest types. The sex ratio of progeny was strongly biased towards females, particularly in end holes. Hoplitis fulgida placed male progeny in outer cells and female progeny in inner cells of the nest. Nests in the preferred end holes had significantly more cells, a higher percentage of surviving progeny, a signif icantly greater percentage of female progeny, and significantly larger progeny of both sexes, than did other nests. Thus, there appear to be excellent biological reasons for the preference of these nest sites by nesting females. This paper is one of a series dealing with the bionomics of xylophilous bees. Such species typically construct in abandoned insect burrows in logs, twigs, or dead plant stalks, although some species excavate their own burrows in the pith of twigs. A variety of potential nesting sites of different diameters and lengths is undoubtedly available to nesting females, although such nesting sites may sometimes be in limited supply (Danks, 1971a, b). Little work has been done to determine whether prospective nesters prefer nest holes of particular dimensions, or if the use of a particular nest type influences the fitness of the female parent, as measured by progeny reared to adulthood. For example, how do nest dimen sions influence: 1) mortality of progeny due to developmental failure or to enemies; 2) the sex ratio of progeny? 3) the body size of progeny? Natural nests discovered in the field, cannot be used to answer such questions. They are difficult to find in sufficient numbers and equally difficult to categorize once found. We therefore opted for a sampling program that utilizes trap-stems of natural materials (Parker and Bohart, 1966; Parker, 1981). In this paper we describe results of trap-nesting studies of Hoplitis fulgida (Cresson), a megachilid bee restricted to western North America. The nesting biology of this species has been partially described by Hicks (1926) and Clement and Rust (1976). Briefly, H. fulgida in pre-existing burrows in stumps, stalks (Hicks, 1926) or elderberry or pine trap-nests (Clement and Rust, 1976). Pollen and nectar are provided for each cell, an egg is deposited, the cell sealed and this sequence is then repeated to produce a linear array of cells. Upon completion, the nest is typically closed with a thicker and recessed final plug composed of masticated leaf material, pith and small pebbles. Offspring overwinter as prepupae and emerge as adults the following year. Accepted for publication 19 October 1983. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.81 on Thu, 29 Sep 2016 04:44:32 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 182 JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY" @default.
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• W39336885 date "1984-01-01" @default.
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• W39336885 title "Nest Selection, Mortality and Sex Ratio in Hoplitis fulgida (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)" @default.
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