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• W397702973 abstract "Growth of many plant species may be limited in acid soils byaluminium excess which may be alleviated by applications of lime(calcitic or dolomitic) and phosphate fertilizers. The nature ofthe aluminium response is not fully understood because the factorsassociated with low pH-aluminium excess on plant growth and theprocesses involved in aluminium uptake are not completely documented.The aim of this project was to examine these factors and provideevidence which would account for aluminium uptake and translocationusing three plant species, cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata(L.) Alef. cv. Ballhead hybrid), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cv.Pennlake) and kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov. cv. Whittet).Aluminium uptake by excised roots consisted of two phases, rapidadsorption where most of the calcium was exchanged, followed by a slowaccumulation phase that was pronounced for cabbage and lettuce andalmost absent for kikuyu. Aluminium uptake in Phase I was considerablyhigher at pH 4.2 than at 4.0; this could have resulted from adecrease in net charge per aluminium atom, which could be expectedat the higher pH. Greater dissociation of carboxyl groups at thehigher pH may have also contributed to higher aluminium uptake.The effect of temperature and a metabolic inhibitor indicatedthat the entire uptake process was non-metabolic.Succinic-tartaric acid buffer desorbed most of the aluminiumfrom roots. The small amount remaining was either associated withthe cytoplasm and/or irreversibly bound to exchange sites.EDX-analyses (cell wall region) of freeze-fractured, driedroots from all species demonstrated that aluminium was present inall tissues throughout the epidermis, cortex and stele and along the entire length of roots. The highest concentrations wererecorded in the epidermis followed by the cortex. Aluminiumwas also recorded in the stele and in the protoplasm ofcortical cells for all species. The distribution was consistentwith transport in the symplasm where aluminium was present inthe radial wall(cytoplasm) of the endodermis and also withpassive movement through meristematic cells hence pypassingthe barrier at the endodermis. High calcium application reducedaluminium levels in the protoplasm of some xylem parenchymaand cortical cells. There was a poor correlation betweenaluminium and phosphorus levels in the cell walls of alltissues.Th~ yield of roots and tops of kikuyu, in contrast tocabbage and lettuce, was relatively unaffected by low pH(4.0 vs. 4.6) and aluminium compared with the yield of controlplants. The control treatment level of calcium was markedlylower and the magnesium level markedly higher for kikuyucompared with cabbage and lettuce.The tolerance of kikuyu to aluminium was not associatedwith lower alu~inium levels of roots than cabbage and lettucebut was associated with significantly lower levels of tops.Aluminium levels of roots were higher at pH 4.6 than 4.0 whichwas consistent with the excised root results. Results fortops were also consistent for all species where levels werelower at the higher pH. High calcium application had noeffect on aluminium levels of roots but reduced levels oftops. This supports the previous results where calcium hadlittle effect on aluminium adsorption during Phase I, but reduced accumulation during Phase II where passive movementinto the cytoplasm and transport to the stele occurs.High calcium increased the root yield of cabbage andlettuce and reduced top yield of kikuyu. This treatmentovercame the inhibitory effect of aluminium on the rootand top yield of cabbage and the root yield of lettuce.The magnesium levels of roots and tops were reduced byhigh calcium for all species.Aluminium increased phosphate levels of roots for cabbageand kikuyu, but had no consistent effect on levels of tops." @default.
• W397702973 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W397702973 creator A5048169044 @default.
• W397702973 date "1979-01-01" @default.
• W397702973 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W397702973 title "A study of some factors associated with aluminium uptake by three plant species" @default.
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