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• W405780417 abstract "Carbon cycle dynamics between the different inorganic and organic carbon poolsplay an important role in controlling the atmospheric chemical composition, thus,regulating the Earth’s climate. Atmospheric CO2 is fixed into biomass by photosynthesisof terrestrial and marine primary producers. Until final burial in marine sediments, thebiologically fixed carbon that escapes remineralisation undergoes exchange betweenvarious active carbon reservoirs. Until now, the timescales on which terrestrial andmarine organic matter is exchanged between the terrigenous, oceanic, and sedimentarycarbon pool as well as the residence time in the respective reservoirs are still poorlyunderstood. Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of biomarkers provides a powerfultool to determine the temporal scales of such exchange processes. Here, the timescalesof different physicochemical and sedimentological processes are resolved includingtimescales of lateral sediment transport within the ocean, terrestrial residence times ofterrigenous organic matter prior to delivery to the ocean, and timescales of organicmatter preservation in the ocean.Radiocarbon ages of co-occurring alkenones, foraminiferal tests, and total organiccarbon (TOC) were measured to estimate the timescales of lateral sediment transportwithin the Panama Basin. Such transport processes are likely to occur at the sedimentwaterinterface prior to initial sedimentation or following resuspension and can lead toprolonged residence times of organic matter in the water column before final burial in thesediments. Accordingly, this process may cause age offsets between organic mattereasily prone to resuspension (alkenones) and denser sediment constituents(foraminifera). In Panama Basin late glacial to Holocene sediments from cores ME0005-24JC, Y69-71P, and MC16 all sediment constituents mostly agree well in age, indicatingno significant addition of pre-aged alkenones or contribution of aged terrigenous organicmatter. Therefore, lateral sediment transport is not inferred. However, evidence fromprevious studies indicates strong sediment focusing at the investigated core locations.Thus, if lateral transport occurs, radiocarbon ages of alkenones, TOC, and foraminiferaindicate rapid, syndepositional (i.e. within decades), and local nepheloid layer transportrather than remobilization of aged sediments. Transport within only a few decadesinhibits temporal decoupling of proxies from different grain size fractions, thus, validatingmulti-proxy paleoceanographic reconstructions in the study area. Nevertheless,anomalously old foraminiferal tests were found in one glacial depth interval of core Y69-71P resulting from downslope transport along the northern Carnegie Ridge. This processmight bias paleoceanographic reconstructions for core Y69-71P based on foraminifera.Radiocarbon ages of long-chain vascular plant n-alkanes and n-fatty acids, andTOC were determined to estimate their average terrestrial residence time prior to burialABSTRACTIIin Black Sea sediments and the underlying controlling factors. Storage of terrigenousorganic matter in terrestrial reservoirs, such as soils, is likely to produce age offsetsbetween marine and terrigenous organic matter in marine sediments, which is criticalwhen continental climate is reconstructed. Average terrestrial residence times in differentriver drainage areas of the Black Sea deduced from n-C29+31 alkanes and n-C28+30 fattyacids of river mouth stations range from 900±70 years to 4400±170 years. Rivercatchment size is the major morphological control on terrestrial residence time inclimatically similar drainage areas. A climatic controlling factor cannot unambiguously bedetermined, but Mediterranean climate appears to increase continental carbon turnovercompared to continental climate. Along-transect data imply petrogenic n-C29+31 alkanescontribute to the vascular plant n-C29+31 alkanes. As a result, n-C28+30 fatty acids providebetter estimates of average terrestrial residence time. Along-transect data furthermorereveal that n-C29+31 alkanes as well as n-C28+30 fatty acids are supplied by both riverine(nearshore) and aeolian (offshore) transport mechanisms. Interestingly, aeolian vascularplant biomarkers are pre-aged as well although to a lesser extent than riverinebiomarkers, which are up to 3500 years older. The aged aeolian biomarkers are likely toresult from admixture of lipids blown out of agriculturally degraded soils of the northernBlack Sea catchment and lipids directly abraded from leaf surfaces.Preservation timescales of marine chloro- and pheopigments, which can directlybe linked to photosynthesis, were estimated using radiocarbon ages of chlorophyll a,pheophytin a, pyropheophytin a, and cyclopheophorbide a enol as well as co-occurringTOC and bivalve shells from Black Sea core top sediments. Additionally, stable carbonand nitrogen isotopic compositions were determined to reconstruct the environmentalconditions during the time of pigment synthesis. Since primary chloro- and pheopigmentsrapidly decompose in multiple ways including (autolytic) cell senescence, photo-oxidation,enzymatic or hydrolysis reactions, microbial and viral lysis, and grazing, their potential tobe preserved as intact pigments in sediments is considered to be low. However, theradiocarbon concentrations of mainly phytoplanktonic chlorophyll a, pheophytin a,pyropheophytin a, and cyclopheophorbide a enol, which translate into ages of 40 up to1200 years, imply preservation is much more efficient than expected. Preservation mostlikely results from mechanisms such as association with minerals or eutrophicationinducedhypoxia and light limitation. The stable nitrogen isotopic composition of thepigments indentifies nitrate utilization as the major nitrogenous nutrient uptake pathwayespecially at near-coast stations. Towards more offshore stations an isotopic depletionindicates N2-fixation as an additional nutrient utilization pathway. The long-term stablecarbon and nitrogen isotopic variability appears to be as strong as the seasonal isotopicvariations of the nutrient source, growth period, and habitat." @default.
• W405780417 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W405780417 creator A5083669277 @default.
• W405780417 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W405780417 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W405780417 title "Tracing time in the ocean: Unraveling depositional and preservational timescales using compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of biomarkers from marine sediments" @default.
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