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- W407215570 abstract "Oxygen requirements of the body during general anesthesia will vary with depth of narcosis. Whole-body oxygen consumption has been measured by closed and open-circuit methods. In the closed-circuit method, the subject breathes from a spirometer and returns the exhaled gas to the spirometer. Carbon dioxide is absorbed within the spirometer, and rebreathing of dead-space air is prevented by a series of one-way valves in the breathing circuit. Spirometer volume is decreased by an amount equal to the subject’s oxygen consumption. The spirometer reservoir gas must be of sufficient volume to allow several minutes of rebreathing, and must, start with an enriched oxygen mixture to prevent hypoxia. Benedict, a pioneer investigator of human metabolism, was instrumental in developing and refining clinically useful closed-circuit spirometry.l Benedict’s spirometer included the measurement of carbon dioxide production; Roth’s modification eliminated this aspect, thereby measuring oxygen consumption exclusively. The Benedict-Roth apparatus has remained the most widely used closed-circuit spirometer, with small refinements adapted by individual investigators where applicable. The foundation for thinking that VO2 can be controlled by specific anesthetic agents begins in 1951, when Shack man, Graber and Redwood reported a 15% decrease in measured oxygen uptake in patients anesthetized with thiopental/nitrous oxide or thiopental/cylopropane.2 A Benedict-Roth spirometer with CO2 absorber was used. Topkins and Artusio in 1955, demonstrated a significant increase in oxygen consumption during diethyl ether and during cylopropane anesthesia.3 A similar experimental method was used. In these studies and in subsequent studies when the closed-circuit method is used, carbon dioxide production and RQ cannot be measured." @default.
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- W407215570 date "1983-01-01" @default.
- W407215570 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W407215570 title "Oxygen Requirements during Anesthesia" @default.
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- W407215570 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6747-2_25" @default.
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