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- W408588996 abstract "1. INTRODUCTION The studies on land use/transportation interactions have grown rapidly after 1990. These studies are expected to give planners better understanding of how urban planning and design can enhance sustainable transportation. The ultimate goal is to determine how different urban forms affect transportation. The transportation part can be a wide range of mobility concepts like car ownership, mode choice, pedestrian/bike behavior, travel generation and distribution, etc. Most of the concepts that are influenced by urban form are related to travel behavior. On the other hand, the notions that are in connection with land use can be divided into three main groups that cover a broad range of scales from neighborhood to large international agglomerations. The fist group includes the studies that consider the density impacts including construction, population and employment densities (for example: Cervero, 1994; Cervero, Kockelman, 1997; Dunphy and Fisher, 1996; Ewing et al., 2008; Greenwald, Boarnet, 2001; Holtzclaw, 1990, 1994; Levinson and Wynn, 1963; Newman and Kenworthy, 1989, 2006; Niemeier et al, 2011; Pushkarev and Zupan, 1977; Schimek, 1996). The second category contains those studies that examine all other problems related to land use like location-related issues, socioeconomic problems, allocation of different uses, etc. (for Example: Cervero and Radisch, 1995; Crane and Crepeau, 1998; Ewing et al, 1994; Ewing et al, 1996; Fehrs and Peers Associates, 1992; Frank, 1994; Handy, 1993; Hare, 1993; Stead, 2001). The third category targets all issues about design. The design-related problems can cover the street network structure, neighborhood amenities and facilities, and small-scale urban furniture. Design can be effective on modal split especially in micro-scale. A number of the studies of this kind study the role of neighborhood design combined with higher densities can be influential on modal share (Kitamura et al, 1994). There is evidence that neighborhood qualities like ease of street crossing, sidewalk continuity, local street characteristics, and topography can enhance more transit trips (Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, 1993). Block size and continuity of sidewalks have also found important in reducing the number of trips and Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) (Cervero, 2002; Crane, 1996; Ryan, McNally, 1995; Plaut, Boarnet, 2003). The effects of the built environment of the neighborhood have also been examined in relation with pedestrian trips (Cao et al, 2005; Handy et al, 2005). The structure of the street network has also been a target for scholars. The connectivity of the network has been repeatedly addressed as an important factor in promoting slow modes of transport and in reducing travel length and travel speed in Neo-Traditional Development ideologies (Duany, Plater-Zyberk, 1991, 1992; Katz, 1994; Calthorpe, 1993). This idea has been confirmed by some studies (Kulash et al, 1990; McNally, Ryan, 1993). The importance of street connectivity in walking behavior has especially been shown around the transit stations (Ozbil, Peponis, 2012). Unlike land use and density, the share of design factors from land use/transportation research in countries outside North America is very small. This is especially noticed in micro-scale. This is also true about Iran; almost all of the related studies are on city and district scale and the studies on the role of neighborhood design are rare. The present paper targets a combination of design and land use as the main factors of urban form. The effects of the neighborhood amenities, neighborhood center locations, and accessibility to the centers are studied as the main aspects of design, and commercial neighborhood uses and public open spaces are considered as land use measures within the context of the Iranian cities. With the social and mobility-related problems in the Iranian cities, the necessity of local studies on the role of neighborhood-scale urban design on urban travel behavior is increasingly felt. …" @default.
- W408588996 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W408588996 date "2014-02-01" @default.
- W408588996 modified "2023-10-02" @default.
- W408588996 title "A Theoretical Approach to Capabilities of the Traditional Urban Form in Promoting Sustainable Transportation" @default.
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