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- W412687564 endingPage "340" @default.
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- W412687564 abstract "New and improved ways to phenotype cells in tissue have led to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of activated macrophages. Macrophages are derived from progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Once in tissue, macrophages can undergo profound physiological changes in response to the combination of cytokines and inflammatory stimuli they encounter there. Apoptotic cells are efficiently eliminated by macrophages through phagocytosis. This process can result in the production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) by macrophages, a cytokine that is well known as a strong suppressor of T-cell activation and antibody secretion by B cells. Adenosine is a purine nucleoside that can accumulate in the extracellular space following stress or inflammation. Macrophages have four adenosine receptors, A1, A2A, A2B, and A3, all of which are seven-transmembrane, G-protein- coupled receptors (GPCRs). Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), also known as hepatocyte growth factor-like (HGFL), is a plasma protein belonging to the plasminogen-related growth factor (PRGF) family. Treatment of macrophages with glucocorticoids (GCs) has a profound inhibitory effect on the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-12 (IL-12). This inhibition can skew immune responses toward a Th2 response and prevent macrophage-mediated inflammation. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway represents an activating avenue that has the potential to lead to new adjuvants and better vaccines. Conversely, the uncovering of the signaling pathway leading to IL-10 overproduction has the potential to lead to a novel class of anti-inflammatory compounds that induce IL-10 production from macrophages." @default.
- W412687564 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W412687564 creator A5063792730 @default.
- W412687564 creator A5090875147 @default.
- W412687564 date "2014-04-30" @default.
- W412687564 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W412687564 title "The Functional Heterogeneity of Activated Macrophages" @default.
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