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• W41571278 abstract "The classical relationship between the thickness of a floating ice cover and air temperature, the Stefan law, greatly overestimates the growth rate of Antarctic sea ice, because, among other simplifications, it neglects the role of heat transfer from the ocean to the ice at the lower boundary. Sea ice measurements from near Mawson, Antarctica, are used to show that, by modifying the Stefan law to account for this heat exchange, both the growth and decay of the ice cover can be followed. Air temperature and ice thickness measurements are used to estimate the ocean heat flux for several years at Mawson; these estimates agree well with heat flux values calculated from more detailed data. The ocean heat flux shows systematic variation throughout the season and is in part controlled by the ice growth process itself. The flux is greatest initially when brine rejected by the rapidly growing ice sets up thermohaline convection in the underlying water. As the rate of ice growth and brine rejection decreases, so does the convection and the heat flux to the lower ice boundary drops off. A second peak in the heat flux, occurring in September October, is possibly linked with large scale meridional heat advection in the southern ocean. The oceanic heat flux estimated for several other Antarctic stations shows the same pattern as at Mawson. The classical relationship between surface temperature and the growth of a floating ice cover, Stefan's law, assumes that heat linearly conducted through the ice is exactly balanced by the latent heat of fusion of newly formed ice. This yields the familiar expression for the ice thickness, h, after time t = T h = ^ / T 8 d t (1) PL 0 where k is the thermal conductivity of the ice, p is the ice density, L the latent heat of fusion of the sea ice, and 0 the temperature difference between the lower and upper ice surfaces. This relationship has often been used as the basis for the derivation of equations predicting sea-ice growth from air temperatures, although it has several serious limitations when applied to the growth of a real sea ice cover. Because Stefan's law applies only to ice of zero specific heat, it makes no allowance for changes of heat content within the ice nor for the time taken for surface temperature changes to vary the heat flux at the lower boundary. Other factors modifying the growth of a real 161" @default.
• W41571278 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W41571278 creator A5080214029 @default.
• W41571278 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W41571278 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W41571278 title "Antarctic sea ice growth and oceanic heat f lux" @default.
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