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• W416092158 abstract "Risk and Technological Culture: Towards a Sociology of Virulence. By Joost Van Loon. London, New York: Routledge, 2002. Pp ix + 234, introduction, notes, bibliography, index. The Classical Italians warned that knowledge too hastily acquired is not on guard. This sage monition applies as much today as ever and finds within the field of technoscience a particularly snug and foreboding fit. growing body of literature is investigating just how our mode of technoscientific progress, rather than embodying control, is instead ushering in an ever-expanding domain of uncertainty and instability. We are coming to discover that each attempt to avert or contain risks through technoscience is responsible for producing further, and even less containable, contingencies. Today, the elephant in the room is at once the bull in the china shop. As nuclear material, non-renewable resources, and virulent pathogens now line the shelves of this proverbial shop, it is becoming apparent just how little difference it makes if the bullwhip is cracked by ill- or well-meaning state agents, non-state agents, or nature herself. In Risk and Technological Culture, Joost Van Loon performs a meticulous anatomy of both deep-rooted and emerging processes by which threat, disaster, and (all technical terms carrying meanings quite different from their everyday uses) come heavily to bear upon us. For Van Loon, an analysis of must focus on perceptions of rather than any actual risk, as such. Risks are always threatening to take place, they never take place (as disasters do) (29). In spite of this ontological absence of risk, Van Loon's analysis must navigate the complexities and paradoxes involved in treating as a special kind of presence (insofar as risks do in fact produce actual consequences). In approaching the paradoxical materiality/ non-materiality of Van Loon engages Actor Network Theory (a la Bruno Latour) and the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann, to develop a particular understanding of as object. In Part II, Van Loon applies his theoretical insights to four case studies of discourses. Discussing waste management, pathogen virulence, cyberthreats, and riots in their specific historical contexts, Van Loon treats each sub-section as explication of qua virtual object as well as application of theory qua expansion on the conceptual apparatus used to engage risk. Ulrich Beck's notion of risk (a very influential idea in Europe that is sadly given rather short shrift in American social sciences) serves as Van Loon's analytic anchor. Risk society, in Beck's formulation, is a concept of the social that recognizes an increasing relevance of that has slowly replaced traditional concerns with material scarcity. Our technologies, if they had ever been unproblematic, argues Beck, are finally out of our hands. Beck's society notes that benefits and losses are no longer tied to expectations and intent. In his words, we are now dealing with flows of goods and 'bads,' rather than goods alone (21). For Van Loon, closely following Beck, this shift constitutes a fundamental transformation in society away from modernity into a yet uncharted kind of present. A society is a society where we increasingly live on a high technological frontier which absolutely no one completely understands and which generates a diversity of possible futures (14). Viewed sociologically, Van Loon argues that an increased importance of relations (i.e. their avoidance and control) vis-a-vis class relations demands a new set of questions for reconciling and understanding the emergent social (dis)order (185). This organizational elusiveness accounts for what Beck calls a risk habitus on the level of the individual. This can be characterized as a paradox: the arrival of some impending danger is at once a product of expert systems' futility and a justification for their persistence. …" @default.
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• W416092158 title "Risk and Technological Culture: Towards a Sociology of Virulence" @default.
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