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• W41803048 abstract "The Ironic Role of African Americans in Elmira, New York Civil Prison Camp, 1864-65Ten years after end of American Civil War, Democrats regained control of United States Congress. Once back in power, party, with its strong Southern base, sought to secure a moral amnesty for those who participated in rebellion. One way to do this was to point out inhumanity of South's victorious foe. During a two-hour speech in Senate in January 1876, Benjamin Hill, a Democrat from Georgia, denounced inhumane conditions Confederate prisoners faced at Civil prison camp at Elmira, New York. Hill labeled Elmira ten times worse than notorious Southern prison at Andersonville, Georgia. He asserted that Confederate prisoners at Elmira were starved, robbed, and forced to drink foul water, and that tight living accommodations bred killer diseases throughout camp. He noted that because prisoners had to lie out of doors, many contracted such degrees of frostbite that toes and fingers fell off. And when Confederate prisoners died from improper care, Hill asserted, Yankees simply dumped them into ground, unconfined. Because no Yankee prisoner suffered such atrocities at hands of Confederacy, Hill believed that, the Confederacy should stand acquitted from all responsibility.(2)Hill's portrayal of Elmira prison camp stimulated debate across Mason-Dixon line. Northern newspapers and public officials responded. New York Congressmen Thomas Platt defended camp with judgment of B.F. Tracy, camp's late commandant, that there was no suffering at Elmira inseparable from a military prison. Southern pens answered. Some even suggested that treatment of Confederate soldiers was fruit of a federal conspiracy. Not surprisingly, Northern historians subsequently sought to refute what they perceived as unjust treatment in Southern argument. Such a defense is objective of most thorough account concerning camp -- Clay Holmes's, The Elmira Prison Camp. Commencing his work in aftermath of national debate following Hill's allegations, Holmes hoped to end fuss by arguing that government accommodated a tragic situation best it could. So debate raged, and, fair or not, it earned for Elmira reputation as having been the Andersonville of North.(3)The one-dimensional writing and debating about Elmira camp has tended to tire people of hearing about it. (Just a few years ago an Elmira city councilman asked rhetorically, Why do you want to remember that hell-hole, anyway?(4)) But in addition to making people weary in present, for over a century debate over conditions in prison has served to overshadow other equally important issues surrounding camp.One important dimension lost in attention to camp's inhumanity is positive, humane, and, consequently ironic role African-Americans played in camp's history. Matters surrounding use of black troops in war were behind coming into existence of Northern military prisons in general, and African-Americans were largely responsible for what good Elmira camp had to offer its Confederate residents: in addition to bringing order to an unruly and dangerously unsettled prison, African-American soldiers were responsible for much of decent treatment that deceased Confederates received. White Southerners who decried camp's conditions would have been loath to admit that it was lowly Nigras who mitigated effects of Elmira's hell-hole for surviving Confederates and who saw to it that those who died received a decent burial.As soon as South Carolina forces attacked federal garrison at Fort Sumter, in April 1861, beginning Civil War, black freedmen and slaves began to manifest their belief that event signaled their chance to gain freedom after years of bondage and degradation. As war raged on and slaves across South watched an increasing number of Southerners leave for front, more and more of them realized that this might indeed be War for Freedom. …" @default.
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• W41803048 date "1999-01-31" @default.
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• W41803048 title "The Ironic Role of African Americans in the Elmira, New York Civil War Prison Camp" @default.
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