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- W4200105512 abstract "Once one abandons the ideal of value-free, impartial science, the question of how to distinguish biased from legitimately value-laden science arises. To approach this new demarcation problem, I argue that one should distinguish different uses of bias in a first step: a narrow sense of bias as systematic deviation from the truth, and a wider sense that covers any kind of tendency impacting scientific reasoning. Secondly, the narrow sense exemplifies an ontological notion of bias, which understands bias in terms of a deviation from an impartial ideal outcome. I propose to replace it with an epistemic notion of bias, which understands biased research as research that we have good reasons to suspect could have been (done) systematically better. From a socio-epistemic perspective, such good reasons to expect better can be found in a lack of responsiveness to conventional standards and/or critical discourse in the scientific community. In short, bias in an epistemic sense consists in a deviation, not from truth but from current best practice. While this turns bias into something that is dependent on time and context, it allows for value-laden research to be unbiased, if there are no good reasons to expect this research to be better." @default.
- W4200105512 created "2021-12-31" @default.
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- W4200105512 date "2022-02-01" @default.
- W4200105512 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4200105512 title "Bias as an epistemic notion" @default.
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- W4200105512 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.12.002" @default.
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