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• W4200165220 abstract "<strong class=journal-contentHeaderColor>Abstract.</strong> TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) measurements of tropospheric <span class=inline-formula>NO₂</span> columns provide powerful information on emissions of air pollution by ships on open sea. This information is potentially useful for authorities to help determine the (non-)compliance of ships with increasingly stringent <span class=inline-formula>NO_<i>x</i></span> emission regulations. We find that the information quality is improved further by recent upgrades in the TROPOMI cloud retrieval and an optimal data selection. We show that the superior spatial resolution of TROPOMI allows for the detection of several lanes of <span class=inline-formula>NO₂</span> pollution ranging from the Aegean Sea near Greece to the Skagerrak in Scandinavia, which have not been detected with other satellite instruments before. Additionally, we demonstrate that under conditions of sun glint TROPOMI's vertical sensitivity to <span class=inline-formula>NO₂</span> in the marine boundary layer increases by up to 60 %. The benefits of sun glint are most prominent under clear-sky situations when sea surface winds are low but slightly above zero (<span class=inline-formula>±2</span> m s<span class=inline-formula>^−1</span>). Beyond spatial resolution and sun glint, we examine for the first time the impact of the recently improved cloud algorithm on the TROPOMI <span class=inline-formula>NO₂</span> retrieval quality, both over sea and over land. We find that the new FRESCO<span class=inline-formula>+</span> (Fast Retrieval Scheme for Clouds from the Oxygen A band) wide algorithm leads to 50 hPa lower cloud pressures, correcting a known high bias, and produces 1–<span class=inline-formula>4×10¹⁵</span> molec. cm<span class=inline-formula>^−2</span> higher retrieved <span class=inline-formula>NO₂</span> columns, thereby at least partially correcting for the previously reported low bias in the TROPOMI <span class=inline-formula>NO₂</span> product. By training an artificial neural network on the four available periods with standard and FRESCO<span class=inline-formula>+</span> wide test retrievals, we develop a historic, consistent TROPOMI <span class=inline-formula>NO₂</span> data set spanning the years 2019 and 2020. This improved data set shows stronger (35 %–75 %) and sharper (10 %–35 %) shipping <span class=inline-formula>NO₂</span> signals compared to co-sampled measurements from OMI. We apply our improved data set to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ship <span class=inline-formula>NO₂</span> pollution over European seas and find indications that <span class=inline-formula>NO_<i>x</i></span> emissions from ships reduced by 10 %–20 % during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The reductions in ship <span class=inline-formula>NO₂</span> pollution start in March–April 2020, in line with changes in shipping activity inferred from automatic identification system (AIS) data on ship location, speed, and engine." @default.
• W4200165220 created "2021-12-31" @default.
• W4200165220 date "2021-11-26" @default.
• W4200165220 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W4200165220 title "Comment on amt-2021-321" @default.
• W4200165220 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-321-rc2" @default.
• W4200165220 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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