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- W4200310498 abstract "In recent years, the effect of emerging contaminants (ECs) has been a threat to humans and wildlife. The advancement in water and wastewater treatment technologies is not very efficient enough for the removal of ECs. ECs have very high toxic levels, and even their traces can cause a dangerous effect on the ecological system and are rarely traceable in wastewater effluent. Due to difficulties in conventional processes for removing ECs, new methods like membrane technologies are being used. Therefore, membrane processes like Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Nanofiltration (NF) have broad applicability. Even though these treatment processes are energy-intensive, these technology’s removal efficiencies are better than conventional methods. This chapter consists of recent studies on the removal of ECs using reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. Different pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, Endocrine Disruptor (EDCs), and pesticides are mentioned, and their removal efficiencies by RO and NF methods are reviewed from recent works of literature. The chapter also highlights the characteristics and effects of emerging pollutants on water bodies. The newer technologies like Membrane Bio-reactor (MBR) are also reviewed along with various technologies like Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) combined with RO/NF process for ECs removal. Finally, an outline of current knowledge gaps and future research scope related to the application of RO and NF for wastewater treatment is recommended." @default.
- W4200310498 created "2021-12-31" @default.
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- W4200310498 date "2021-12-13" @default.
- W4200310498 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W4200310498 title "Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Nanofiltration (NF) Membranes for Emerging Contaminants (ECs) Removal" @default.
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- W4200310498 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8367-1_17" @default.
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