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• W4200321280 abstract "Abstract To clarify the chemical characteristics, source contributions, and health risks of pollution events associated with high PM 2.5 in typical industrial areas of North China, manual sampling and analysis of PM 2.5 were conducted in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2019 in Pingyin County, Jinan City, Shandong Province. The results showed that the total concentration of 29 components in PM 2.5 was 53.4 μg·m -3 ; the largest contribution was from the NO 3 - ion, at 14.6 ± 14.2 μg·m -3 , followed by organic carbon (OC), SO 4 2- , and NH 4 + , with concentrations of 9.3 ± 5.5, 9.1 ± 6.4, and 8.1 ± 6.8 μg·m -3 , respectively. The concentrations of OC, NO 3 - , and SO 4 2- were highest in winter and lowest in summer, whereas the NH 4 + concentration was highest in winter and lowest in spring. Typical heavy metals had higher concentrations in autumn and winter, and lower concentrations in spring and summer. The annual average sulfur oxidation rate (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) were 0.30 ± 0.14 and 0.21 ± 0.12, respectively, with the highest SO 2 emission and conversion rates in winter, resulting in the SO 4 2- concentration being highest in winter. Although the emission rate of SO 2 was low in summer, its conversion rate was high. In winter and autumn, NORs were significantly higher than in spring and summer, and a higher NOR in autumn contributed to significant elevation of the NO 3 - concentration in autumn relative to spring and summer. The average concentration of secondary organic carbon in 2019 was 2.8±1.9 μg·m -3 , and it comprised approximately 30% of total OC. The health risk assessment for typical heavy metals showed that Pb poses a potential carcinogenic risk for adults, whereas As may pose a carcinogenic risk for adults, children, and adolescents. Positive matrix factorization analysis indicated that coal-burning emissions contributed the largest fraction of PM 2.5 , accounting for 35.9% of the total. The contribution of automotive emissions is similar to that of coal, at 32.1%. The third-largest contributor was industrial sources, which accounted for 17.2%. The contributions of dust and other emissions sources to PM 2.5 were 8.4% and 6.4%, respectively." @default.
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• W4200321280 date "2021-12-08" @default.
• W4200321280 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W4200321280 title "Chemical Characterization, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5 in a Typical Industrial Region in North China" @default.
• W4200321280 doi "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1088131/v1" @default.
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