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- W4200388809 abstract "Recent studies of the state in India, particularly for the 600–1300 CE phase, highlight and explain the changing socio-economic and political milieu during these centuries which witnessed (1) the absence of a paramount political power and (2) a plethora of local, supra-local, regional and supra-regional powers. The multiplicity of powers points to the spread of the monarchical state or state society into areas which had previously experienced pre-state polities. The model of integrative polity underlines the processes of (a) agrarian expansion, (b) penetration of the varna-jati norms and (c) appropriation of ‘tribal’ cults by Brahmanical ideology of sectarian devotion (bhakti) for explaining the emergence of states at local and regional levels. Without minimizing the significance of agrarian expansion and bhakti ideology in the making of the state, this paper would like to factor in the instrumentality of trade in the forging of states during the early medieval times. This issue has so far remained at the margins in explaining the process of state formation during the early medieval times. The principal reason for pursuing this line of interrogation is the perceptible development of trade, including sea-borne trade, at the turn of the second millennium, or from 900 CE onwards. Based on a variety of sources (epigraphic, numismatic, texts on travel and geography, field archaeological – especially ship-wreck archaeology – letters of Jewish merchants), the chapter wishes to take a close look at coastal polities (in Konkan, Goa and Kerala). Coastal polities are sought to be differentiated from what Manguin labels as ‘maritime polities’ (in the context of contemporary Srivijaya). Besides these coastal polities which claimed lordship of the western sea without possessing a regular navy; there were also powers controlling deltas on the eastern seaboard of India (the Ganga delta, the Godavari-Krishna delta and the Kaveri delta). These powers seem to have been well aware of the potentials of the burgeoning maritime trade as a supplementary resource base of the respective regional powers. A commonality between the coastal polities and delta-oriented states was their sustained promotion of trade, especially maritime trade and the encouragement to local and non-indigenous merchants. The itinerant merchant hailing from a complex society was capable, like the brahmana, of penetrating into the erstwhile simpler pre-state polities." @default.
- W4200388809 created "2021-12-31" @default.
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- W4200388809 date "2021-12-15" @default.
- W4200388809 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4200388809 title "Trade and the making of state society in early India (600–1300 CE)" @default.
- W4200388809 doi "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003242062-8" @default.
- W4200388809 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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