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• W4200433410 abstract "The modern hydrological cycle includes precipitation of 18O-depleted meteoric water over continental crust exposed above sea-level. How far back in the geological record can continental exposure be documented remains uncertain, particularly for the Archean. To investigate the extent of Archean continental exposure, we document a newly discovered low-δ18O magmatic-hydrothermal system that was emplaced in a shallow crust of the Keivy complex, Kola craton at 2.67 Ga. This study builds a case for syn-emplacement hydrothermal exchange with the local meteoric water that had δ18O at least as low as −11‰ VSMOW. Coupled with the high-latitude position of the Kola craton at the time, this result presents a paleogeographic documentation of continental exposure and a quantitative estimate of the isotope composition of Neoarchean precipitation. We employ detailed δ18O mapping using mineral separates and bulk samples, as well as ion microprobe δ18O measurements and U-Pb dating of zircon. The spatially extensive O-isotope dataset (n = 63) spans over 120 km in length across different lithological units including the peralkaline granites of the Keivy complex, the hosting gneiss and contact hydrothermal quartzolites. All analyzed samples, including whole rock samples and mineral separates, show δ18O below those expected for mantle- and crust-derived magmas. The lowest δ18O of ca. −7‰ are measured in minerals and bulk rock of the altered gneisses near the intrusive contacts. Peralkaline granites returned δ18O values ranging between −6 and +5‰. Zircon crystals with preserved igneous zoning have low δ18O = +2.2‰ and yield an emplacement age for the magmatic complex of 2672 ± 7 Ma. Zircon dating from quartzolites at the contact between granites and country gneisses points to fluid-rock interaction at 2.67 and at 1.77–1.79 Ga. We propose that the spatially extensive O-isotope depletion documents a Neoarchean shallow magmatic-hydrothermal system where magmatic assimilation produced the low-δ18O granites and the hydrothermal cycling of meteoric water in the ambient crust resulted in formation of low-δ18O altered host rocks. Since the lowest δ18O value measured in a rock is ca. −7‰, the equilibrium fluids had δ18O of around −9‰ under hydrothermal conditions (300-400 °C) characteristic for the shallow crust around cooling intrusions. Considering that hydrothermal fluids are shifted 1-2‰ towards higher values, the contemporaneous precipitation had δ18O = −11‰ or lower. Consequently, the 2.67 Ga Keivy complex is the earliest known intact low-δ18O magmatic-hydrothermal system offering a quantitative record of the Neoarchean precipitation that can be used as a tool in paleogeographic reconstructions." @default.
• W4200433410 created "2021-12-31" @default.
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• W4200433410 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W4200433410 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W4200433410 title "Low-δ18O Neoarchean precipitation recorded in a 2.67 Ga magmatic-hydrothermal system of the Keivy granitic complex, Russia" @default.
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• W4200433410 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117322" @default.
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