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- W4200468718 abstract "Magma (molten rock material) forms in several different ways as geologic processes lead to increased temperature, decreased pressure, and by the addition of a fluid flux such as water to already hot rock. During collisional accretion and primordial heating, huge volumes of magma on planetary bodies were created by impact melting, the decay of short-lived radioactive isotopes, and metallic core formation. Large proportions of these rocky, silicate worlds melted and primary crusts and cumulate/residual mantles formed. During the prolonged, subsequent cooling histories of the planets, decompression processes were common on all of the terrestrial planets, the Moon, and the asteroid Vesta, and largely produced their secondary crusts. Decompression was the result of mantle convection and to large basin-forming impacts. Incongruent partial melting dominated during this stage, generating melts enriched in lower-melting-point components and incompatible elements, leaving a more refractory crystalline residue at depth. Sustained extraction of partial melts from the peridotitic mantles over billions of years formed low density compositionally distinct crust. The secondary crust of planetary bodies is largely basaltic, but varies from body to body depending on the makeup of the planet’s mantle and its thermal history. The addition of water as a flux into hot but solid mantle may be limited to subduction zones on Earth, where wet and oxidized oceanic lithosphere is thrust deep into its mantle. Flux melting of the mantle gives rise to uniquely oxidized and hydrous magmas that can, through differentiation, produce low-density, silicic magmatic rocks. Such rocks have accumulated to generate Earth’s distinctive, tertiary continental crust. Only small amounts of silicic material are generated by partial melting or fractionation on other planetary bodies largely because of lower f H 2 O and f O 2 , explaining why continental material appears virtually absent on all other terrestrial bodies in the Solar System." @default.
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- W4200468718 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4200468718 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4200468718 title "The origin of magma on planetary bodies" @default.
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- W4200468718 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813987-5.00006-7" @default.
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