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• W4205279601 abstract "Water is paramount among all resources and plays a multidisciplinary role in the water–food–energy nexus. Owing to its vital role in daily life, scarcity of water has become the biggest challenge of the 21st century. Projected situations are even more alarming, which is attributed to population growth, rapid urban sprawl, industrialization, tourism activities, and climatic variation. Given that, water reclamation using reverse osmosis (RO) has become an indispensable component of water supplies to overcome the challenge of meeting emerging water demand. However, RO membranes suffer from fouling which results in enhanced feed channel pressure, increased membrane cleaning frequency, permeate quality deterioration, and shortened membrane life. In addition, poor selectivity of RO membranes against contaminants of emerging concern found in wastewater (i.e., pharmaceuticals, personal care products, perfluoro compounds, pesticides, etc.) is distressing owing to their potential health issues. The use of a hybrid forward osmosis–reverse osmosis (FO–RO) configuration has recently emerged as an attractive approach to overcome these limitations as it demonstrates sustainable membrane performance due to the high selectivity of the FO membrane and its osmotically driven working principle. This chapter presents the configuration, applications, and benefits of hybrid FO–RO. In particular, the chapter provides a brief introduction of FO and RO, followed by their technological advancements, challenges, and limitations. The application of FO and RO as a standalone and hybrid process for wastewater reclamation, desalination, simultaneous desalination, and wastewater reclamation is presented. Furthermore, use of the combined approach for other applications such as resource recovery, concentration of challenging or sensitive liquid foods and beverages, and concentration of wastewater for subsequent treatment units are reviewed with process performance and cost optimization as the main focus. Finally, the commercially installed hybrid FO–RO plants are discussed as case studies." @default.
• W4205279601 created "2022-01-25" @default.
• W4205279601 creator A5013628662 @default.
• W4205279601 creator A5018874501 @default.
• W4205279601 creator A5087146007 @default.
• W4205279601 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W4205279601 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W4205279601 title "Hybrid forward/reverse osmosis (HFRO): an approach for optimized operation and sustainable resource recovery" @default.
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