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• W4205876666 startingPage "43" @default.
• W4205876666 abstract "This chapter considers the fundamental material science and the underlying chemistry involved in packaging. In considering glasses, in all their forms, with inclusions and modified chemical compositions the determinants of end quality are reviewed. The influences of physical and chemical properties on the metallic materials produced, such as aluminium to brass and on to tinplate, are discussed. Many polymeric materials, which might include polyolefins or cellulose-based polymers as base materials, are covered alongside elastomers such as rubbers. In addition to the heat-modifiable plastics the chapter also covers and considers thermoset polymers. In considering paper and plastic, it is also relevant to describe two particular classes in laminated materials, comprising multi-layer composites and those made out of gas-expanded materials, such as Styrofoam, both of which have some protective role in logistics. The packaging types of paper and paperboard are, together, the second most common form of packaging and are covered in some detail. The colorants and opacifying agents that are used to identify and protect the pack contents also receive a mention. For thermoplastics and thermosets there are some supplementary plasticisers, anti-oxidants, and functionalising components used to provide surface barrier properties and various types of damage-resistant coatings. The chapter then moves on to describe the various types of ageing and physical degradation that can initiate product vulnerability. Such vulnerability may include certain types of chemical breach and accidental chemical adulteration, which might also include water vapour and gas penetration into the product and subsequent diminishing of content shelf life. Numerous estimations of shelf life are described and there are indices used for looking at shelf life from a chemical perspective. The final part of the chapter discusses contemporary issues and controversies associated with modern packaging materials, many of which are centred on polyolefins." @default.
• W4205876666 created "2022-01-26" @default.
• W4205876666 date "2020-07-03" @default.
• W4205876666 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
• W4205876666 title "Material Science and Chemistry" @default.
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