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- W4206674094 abstract "A range of recent cutting-edge genetic, genomic, and epigenetic investigations have greatly increased our knowledge of the DNA polymorphisms, regulatory elements, genes, proteins, pathways, and cellular mechanisms that are key to osteoarthritis development. We are now at the point where we can say, with a reasonable degree of confidence, how genetic susceptibility alters gene activity to impact on joint tissue homeostasis in this disease. From these recent discoveries, a large number of causal genes have been reported, and from amongst them, many have been identified that could be targets of known therapeutic drugs, creating exciting repurposing opportunities. Studies have also informed us that at least a proportion of osteoarthritis genetic risk is programmed during skeletogenesis. As such, the timing of an intervention may become the critical factor for a therapeutic’s efficacy. The ultimate goal of molecular genetic studies of human diseases is to translate the discoveries for patient benefit. For diseases that lack licensed disease-modifying therapeutics, such as osteoarthritis (OA), the need is acute. OA is polygenic and affects older individuals, with a recent genome-wide study of over 800 000 individuals adding 52 novel association signals to those already reported on for this common arthritis. Many of the predicted effector genes of these signals encode proteins that are targets of drugs for other indications, highlighting repurposing opportunities. Here, the potential for OA genetic data to translate is discussed, including whether the developmental origin of OA will limit the application of genetic risk data for disease-modification purposes. The ultimate goal of molecular genetic studies of human diseases is to translate the discoveries for patient benefit. For diseases that lack licensed disease-modifying therapeutics, such as osteoarthritis (OA), the need is acute. OA is polygenic and affects older individuals, with a recent genome-wide study of over 800 000 individuals adding 52 novel association signals to those already reported on for this common arthritis. Many of the predicted effector genes of these signals encode proteins that are targets of drugs for other indications, highlighting repurposing opportunities. Here, the potential for OA genetic data to translate is discussed, including whether the developmental origin of OA will limit the application of genetic risk data for disease-modification purposes. metabolic process of tissue creation. DNA polymorphism has a positive effect (usually evolutionarily selectable) on one phenotype but a negative effect on another (often an age-related phenotype). assessing whether the proteins implicated in a phenotype are functioning in particular cellular pathways, such as the cell cycle or immune response. an entity that monitors phenotype progression to assess efficacy of an intervention; in OA, biomarkers include fragments of cartilage ECM molecules circulating in the blood. metabolic process involving tissue destruction. the polymorphism that directly alters activity or function of a gene or protein and is responsible for the association signal. DNA sequence that regulates expression of a nearby gene. drug that alters the course of the disease by halting or reversing its progression. molecule elicits different cellular responses according to its molar amount; could be anabolic at low levels, catabolic at high levels. gene that is impacted on by the causal DNA polymorphism. DNA sequence that physically loops to the promoter of a gene to increase its expression. analyzing epigenetic effects (DNA methylation, histone modifications, regulatory RNAs) across the whole genome. expression of a gene correlates with genotype of a DNA polymorphism. space between the cells of a tissue, organically consisting of collagens, proteoglycans, and other molecules, including growth factors. how genes and the non-gene regions of the genome contribute to biological processes. random change in the frequency of a DNA polymorphism in a population. organism's complete set of DNA (i.e., nuclear and mitochondrial in eukaryotes). assessing which DNA polymorphisms across the whole genome correlate with a phenotype. investigating all of an organism’s genome. investigating a discreet part of the genome and the genes, non-gene regions, and polymorphisms within it. skeleton, joints, and associated tissues, such as muscle and cartilage. protein responsible for growth and survival of nerve cells. statistical measure of the strength of association between a DNA polymorphism and a phenotype. joint area where articular cartilage transitions to underlying bone. the interaction of many common DNA polymorphisms that have low individual but large combined effects on phenotype. estimate of the effect of multiple DNA polymorphisms on the risk of an individual developing a particular phenotype. substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific genomic position. identifying the most likely causal DNA polymorphism from those it correlates with due to genetic linkage." @default.
- W4206674094 created "2022-01-25" @default.
- W4206674094 creator A5014881005 @default.
- W4206674094 date "2022-03-01" @default.
- W4206674094 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4206674094 title "Translating osteoarthritis genetics research: challenging times ahead" @default.
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- W4206674094 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2021.12.007" @default.
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