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- W4207017833 abstract "Wheat provides a fifth of the calories in the global human diet, together with significant amounts of protein, minerals, vitamins, and fibre. It is grown over a larger geographic range and traded as an international commodity more than any other grain crop. The adaptation of wheat to diverse environments and cropping systems derives from its biology as an annual, temperate grass; its highly flexible genome resulting from its polyploid nature; and from investment in crop breeding. The global popularity of wheat as a food depends on the unique viscoelastic properties of wheat doughs, which allow the preparation of breads, noodles, and pasta, and other processed foods. These unique dough properties depend largely on gluten: a proteinaceous network that is formed when wheat flour is mixed with water. Investment in the crop has contributed to a threefold increase in the yield of wheat per hectare over the past 60 years, thus outstripping the population growth rate of humans. Wheat therefore makes, and will continue to make, a significant contribution to food security and human nutrition. However, sustainability of production is threatened by environmental change, some of which is driven by wheat cultivation. The current reliance of humans on wheat means that changes in wheat composition through breeding, growing conditions, and processing can have significant positive effects on human health. However, gluten proteins trigger coeliac disease in about 1% of the global population while more loosely defined symptoms grouped as non-coeliac wheat sensitivity may affect between 0.5% and 10% of the population. This chapter introduces the importance of wheat; the growth and development of wheat plants; the evolution and domestication of the crop; the significance of wheat as a food; and the relationships between grain properties, utilization, and human health." @default.
- W4207017833 created "2022-01-26" @default.
- W4207017833 date "2022-01-21" @default.
- W4207017833 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W4207017833 title "Wheat and Humans" @default.
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