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- W4207059954 endingPage "539" @default.
- W4207059954 startingPage "539" @default.
- W4207059954 abstract "Hormones and growth factors (GFs) are signaling molecules implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes. They play important roles in both healthy and tumor cells, where they function by binding to specific receptors on target cells and activating downstream signaling cascades. The stages of tumor progression are influenced by hormones and GF signaling. Hypoxia, a hallmark of cancer progression, contributes to tumor plasticity and heterogeneity. Most solid tumors contain a hypoxic core due to rapid cellular proliferation that outgrows the blood supply. In these circumstances, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play a central role in the adaptation of tumor cells to their new environment, dramatically reshaping their transcriptional profile. HIF signaling is modulated by a variety of factors including hormones and GFs, which activate signaling pathways that enhance tumor growth and metastatic potential and impair responses to therapy. In this review, we summarize the role of hormones and GFs during cancer onset and progression with a particular focus on hypoxia and the interplay with HIF proteins. We also discuss how hypoxia influences the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, considering that a hypoxic environment may act as a determinant of the immune-excluded phenotype and a major hindrance to the success of adoptive cell therapies." @default.
- W4207059954 created "2022-01-26" @default.
- W4207059954 creator A5004242477 @default.
- W4207059954 creator A5012914217 @default.
- W4207059954 creator A5026089818 @default.
- W4207059954 creator A5029117487 @default.
- W4207059954 creator A5045475370 @default.
- W4207059954 creator A5059941996 @default.
- W4207059954 date "2022-01-21" @default.
- W4207059954 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
- W4207059954 title "Multifaceted Interplay between Hormones, Growth Factors and Hypoxia in the Tumor Microenvironment" @default.
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