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• W4210508004 abstract "REVIEWS Language andMeaning: The Structural Creation ofReality. By CHRISTOPHER BEED HAM. (Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics, 55) Amsterdam and Philadelphia: JohnBenjamins. 2005. Xiv+225 pp. Ei I5; $I38. ISBN 978-go 272-I 564-2. According to thebook's preface, thiswork summarizes and updates much ofChristo pher Beedham's previously published research on certain aspects of the linguistics of English, German, and Russian, inparticular themeaning and structure of thepassive construction, and whether thedistribution of irregularpreterite verb forms (such as those of the strong verbs inEnglish and German) isprincipled or not. The book's title clearly describes the author's interest in examining the role ofmeaning and its relationship to linguistic structure. Chapter i, 'Saussurean Structuralism', establishes Beedham's reliance on the ideas of the great structural linguist Ferdinand de Saussure toground his own work. Uti lizing Saussure's basic notion of the linguistic sign (an indivisible unit combining meaning and form) and citing evidence fromhis own research, Beedham argues that it is better for the linguist to start from individual forms and from themmove to a consideration of themeanings conveyed by these forms, rather than the other way round. Though the limited space available for this review precludes a detailed con sideration of this idea's merits, Beedham claims, apparently agreeing with Saussure, that 'language creates the reality thatwe perceive' (p. 4). In effect,he seems toadopt the strongly deterministic (and controversial) Whorfian view that linguistic struc tures in particular languages actually create meaning and are responsible for our conceptualization of theworld we live in. In preparation foran analysis of thepassive construction, Chapter 2 considers the notion of aspect and how it must be distinguished from tense.Much of thismaterial will be familiar tomost readers, but it isprobably relevant to setting the stage for the laterchapters. Beedham shows thataspect may be signifiedby auxiliary plus participle constructions, lexically (byvarious morphemes), or compositionally, i.e. via particular arrays of sentential elements (e.g. adverbs) which togetherwith the verb effectpar ticular construals with respect tohow an action is conceived tooccur through time. Chapter 3, 'The-Passive', presents Beedham's account of thepassive construction inEnglish, German, and Russian, in order to argue for the tenet that 'formdeter mines meaning' (p. 33). In contrast to theusual 'voice analysis' of thepassive he cites incertain traditional and generative accounts, inwhich passives are derived from the activeswith which theyare supposed tobe synonymous, Beedham argues thatactives and passives are not synonymous and that passives are not derived from actives. It should be noted that this view is not really novel, but has been generally accepted, even bymost syntactic theories, forseveral decades now. Beedham claims thatpassives have theirown independent meaning characterized as 'the expression of a new state on the subject as the result of a preceding action' (p. 33): that is,passives represent a differentaspect from the active, of the type 'action + state' (p. 40). He claims that this accounts for a number of traditional problems associated with the passive, including the fact thatnot all transitiveverbs readily passivize, and that many actually occurring passives in texts rarely have agent by phrases, which would be expected if theyhad been derived fromcorresponding actives. Under the aspect analysis, only verbs with the appropriate telic (i.e. goal-oriented) meanings undergo passivization. Chapter 4 presents a lengthy interlude on the drawbacks of various versions of generative grammar, in particular with respect to itsusual treatment of the passive construction. The tone in this chapter approaches the level of a diatribe against this I56 Reviews view of grammar, which, however flawed in the eyes of some linguists, has probably contributed more of value to the field thanwould appear tobe the case here. In Chapter 5Beedham turns to an investigation of the irregular preterite forms of the strong verbs inEnglish (e.g. sing/sang/sung) and German. Beedham notes that ifthe Saussurean view of language iscorrect, such irregular formsshould carry some kind of recognizable general or abstractmeaning (p. Ii i).He claims thatsuch a general mean ing,or at least conceptual unity,does exist, in spite of theusual view that the irregular strong verbs are simply historical vestiges of an earlier stage of the languages. Though acknowledging thathis work in this area remains inconclusive, Beedham..." @default.
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• W4210508004 title "Language and Meaning: The Structural Creation of Reality by Christopher Beedham" @default.
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