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• W4210976687 abstract "The use of mutants and transformants are inevitable for evaluation of the functions of individual isozymes in starch biosynthesis of rice endosperm and for the production of novel starches with distinct structures and functional properties for industrial applications. The contribution of major enzymes to the synthesis of starch, especially to the distinct fine structure of amylopectine called ‘tandem-cluster structure’ has been revealed and their enzymatic properties have been characterized. Based on all these combined results, we can now explain the basic metabolic process for starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm and can expect how and to what extent the fine structure of amylopectin in rice endosperm can be modified, through the formation of ‘the cluster-world’, by controlling the activities of starch synthetic enzymes in the mutants and transformants. Detailed analyses of experimental materials and enzymes as well as new approaches have provided new insights into the regulation of starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm. For example, first, we could provide evidence strongly suggesting that plastidial starch phosphorylase (Pho1) is involved in the initiation process of starch synthesis in rice endosperm by synthesizing branched glucans in the absence of primer via a close functional interaction with starch branching enzyme (BE). It is also possible that this unprimed glucan synthesis by Pho1-BE shares the initial glucan synthesis with another interaction between soluble starch synthase I and BE. Second, new attempts to generate double and triple mutants of rice in which multiple genes are simultaneously altered and their phenotypes analyzed have provided novel findings. It is evident that these approaches are of great use for a better understanding of mechanisms for functional interaction between different enzymes. Third, in vitro studies on characterization of individual enzymes have increased their importance by providing direct evidence on their enzymatic features and reaction mechanisms." @default.
• W4210976687 created "2022-02-13" @default.
• W4210976687 creator A5025262975 @default.
• W4210976687 date "2014-06-17" @default.
• W4210976687 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W4210976687 title "13. Mutagenesis and transformation of starch biosynthesis of rice and the production of novel starches" @default.
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• W4210976687 doi "https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-787-5_13" @default.
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