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• W4210991502 abstract "Abstract. During the TROCCINOX field experiments in February–March 2004 and February 2005, airborne in situ measurements of NO, NOy, CO, and O3 mixing ratios and the J(NO2) photolysis rate were carried out in the anvil outflow of thunderstorms over southern Brazil. Both tropical and subtropical thunderstorms were investigated, depending on the location of the South Atlantic convergence zone. Tropical air masses were discriminated from subtropical ones according to the higher equivalent potential temperature (Θe) in the lower and mid troposphere, the higher CO mixing ratio in the mid troposphere, and the lower wind velocity and proper wind direction in the upper troposphere. During thunderstorm anvil penetrations, typically at 20–40 km horizontal scales, NOx mixing ratios were on average enhanced by 0.2–1.6 nmol mol−1. This enhancement was mainly attributed to NOx production by lightning and partly due to upward transport from the NOx-richer boundary layer. In addition, CO mixing ratios were occasionally enhanced, indicating upward transport from the boundary layer. For the first time, the composition of the anvil outflow from a large, long-lived mesoscale convective system (MCS) advected from northern Argentina and Uruguay was investigated in more detail. Over a horizontal scale of about 400 km, NOx, CO and O3 mixing ratios were significantly enhanced in these air masses in the range of 0.6–1.1, 110–140 and 60–70 nmol mol−1, respectively. Analyses from trace gas correlations and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model indicate that polluted air masses, probably from the Buenos Aires urban area and from biomass burning regions, were uplifted by the MCS. Ozone was distinctly enhanced in the aged MCS outflow, due to photochemical production and entrainment of O3-rich air masses from the upper troposphere – lower stratosphere region. The aged MCS outflow was transported to the north, ascended and circulated, driven by the Bolivian High over the Amazon basin. In the observed case, the O3-rich MCS outflow remained over the continent and did not contribute to the South Atlantic ozone maximum." @default.
• W4210991502 created "2022-02-13" @default.
• W4210991502 creator A5021995929 @default.
• W4210991502 creator A5032314146 @default.
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• W4210991502 creator A5047723373 @default.
• W4210991502 creator A5048202110 @default.
• W4210991502 creator A5059383118 @default.
• W4210991502 creator A5083632905 @default.
• W4210991502 creator A5085657872 @default.
• W4210991502 creator A5086691735 @default.
• W4210991502 creator A5091818827 @default.
• W4210991502 date "2007-02-22" @default.
• W4210991502 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
• W4210991502 title "Lightning-produced NO_x over Brazil during TROCCINOX: Airborne measurements in tropical and subtropical thunderstorms and the importance of mesoscale convective systems" @default.
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