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• W4211016027 startingPage "89" @default.
• W4211016027 abstract "Breathlessness is a common and distressing symptom in advanced lung diseases. It can continue despite optimal management of known underlying condition(s), increasing towards the end of life. It is often debilitating for patients, and frightening for them and those important to them, resulting in hospital admission. The sensation of breathlessness involves much more than the lungs: three main axes are important – lung-brain, behavioural-functional and psychosocial. Assessment and treatment are orientated to address these axes, which are best addressed in combination. In addition, people with lung disease and breathlessness often have multiple other symptoms that need treatment. Assessment of breathlessness can involve single-item numerical rating scale (NRS), such as worst breathlessness, which qualitative data suggests can detect multiple changes. This should be accompanied by more comprehensive palliative care assessments, such as with the Palliative care Outcome Scale (POS). Non-pharmacological therapies, such as breathing retraining techniques, mobility aids, muscle strengthening, hand-held fan/face cooling, pacing and self-management and education, are first-line treatments with a growing evidence base. Pharmacological treatments are more limited with the only robust evidence base existing for opioids and with data on long-term effects lacking. Future research in breathlessness in palliative care lung disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, with advances needed in phenotyping, and the evaluation of potential treatments." @default.
• W4211016027 created "2022-02-13" @default.
• W4211016027 creator A5008487561 @default.
• W4211016027 creator A5047027037 @default.
• W4211016027 creator A5085758009 @default.
• W4211016027 date "2021-01-01" @default.
• W4211016027 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W4211016027 title "Breathlessness" @default.
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