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• W4211132008 startingPage "495" @default.
• W4211132008 abstract "Auto-reactive lymphocytes and natural antibodies do exist physiologically and participate inthe homeostatic regulation of bodily functions. Mature T and B lymphocytes with autoimmune effector potential do develop under normal conditions but are in equilibrium with suppressor cells and with other inhibitory elements, the end result of which is self-tolerance. Immune homeostasis does not rely exclusively on internal suppressive mechanisms of the immune system. Immunocompetence is dependent on, and adaptive and natural immune responses and inflammation are controlled by neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms. By definition autoimmune disease develops upon the loss of self-tolerance. An autoimmune reaction is due to de-regulated lymphocyte proliferation and maturation into effector cells directed towards self-antigens. Deregulated growth is also characteristic of cancer cells and it is clear that multiple genes must be de-regulated for the development of uncontrolled cell growth. Evidence is emerging that the de-regulation of multiple genes are required also for the development of autoimmune disease. Current evidence supports the hypothesis that de-regulation at the cellular level as well as an altered neuroendocrine milieu are necessary for autoimmune disease to develop. Autoimmune reactions may be specific for self-molecules, cells, organs or tissues. These reactions are due to de-regulated cells of the adaptive immune system. Rheumatoid diseases are characterized by polyclonal lymphocyte activation, inflammation and acute phase reactants, which are indicative of a disorder of the innate immune system. Abnormalities of the hypothalamus—growth and lactogenic hormone—insulin-like growth factor axis, of the hypothalamus—pituitary—adrenal axis and of the hypothalamus—pituitary—gonadal axis are frequently observed in autoimmune disease. An imbalance of these major immunoregulatory axes of the pituitary gland is very likely to play an etiological role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. It is also becoming apparent that defective regulation by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions." @default.
• W4211132008 created "2022-02-13" @default.
• W4211132008 creator A5061415552 @default.
• W4211132008 creator A5067544780 @default.
• W4211132008 date "2003-01-01" @default.
• W4211132008 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W4211132008 title "Autoimmune disease" @default.
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