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- W4211204536 endingPage "298" @default.
- W4211204536 startingPage "259" @default.
- W4211204536 abstract "In all areas of the world, upper respiratory tract (URT) infections and their complicating sequelae are the leading causes of acute infectious morbidity. Otitis media (OM), or inflammation of the middle ear, is one of these complicating sequelae of URT infections and is indeed a major health care concern of childhood. This chapter discusses OM's etiologic agents, animal models, and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Multiple mechanisms have been identified that serve as contributing factors in the synergistic relationship between the URT viruses and the primary bacterial pathogens of OM, and while each of these is a highly specific effect, all fall within the general category of compromise of airway defenses. The chapter reviews some of these mechanisms, such as viral effects on bacterial adherence and/or colonization, antibiotic efficacy, host immune functions, and rheological properties of mucus and mucociliary transport. We are continually adapting our treatment regimens for OM on the basis of newly acquired information and our improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of middle ear infections. Some of the ways this increased understanding has led to changes in our approaches to treat and/or prevent OM are reviewed. Good clinical evidence exists to believe that by eradicating the predisposing viral infection, one could have a significant effect on prevention of bacterial OM. Vaccine or treatment strategies that effectively inhibit the initial establishment of infection in the middle ear cleft will be particularly important in this regard." @default.
- W4211204536 created "2022-02-13" @default.
- W4211204536 creator A5068983530 @default.
- W4211204536 date "2014-04-08" @default.
- W4211204536 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W4211204536 title "Otitis Media" @default.
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