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- W4211235445 endingPage "152" @default.
- W4211235445 startingPage "117" @default.
- W4211235445 abstract "Urolithiasis is extremely common in Western societies, developing in up to 10% of men and 3% of women during their lifetimes (1,2). The majority of stones (70–80%) are composed of calcium oxalate, either alone or admixed with calcium phosphate (3). In many but not all individuals, the formation of calcium oxalate stones is associated with one or more urinary risk factors that include low urine volume, low pH, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, or hyperoxaluria. Calcium phosphate is also a common constituent of stones, present to some extent in up to 80% (4). However, less than 20% of stones are composed of more than half calcium phosphate, and pure calcium phosphate stones are rare, often seen in association with disorders of urinary acidification. Another 10% of stones are composed of uric acid, with or without a concurrent history of gout, or a mixture of uric acid and calcium oxalate. A similar percentage (10%) is composed of struvite, which develops in association with urinary tract infection caused by urease producing organisms, most often the Proteus species. Cystine stones comprise the remainder, probably no more than 1%, and arise only in patients with the autosomalrecessive disorder of cystinuria." @default.
- W4211235445 created "2022-02-13" @default.
- W4211235445 creator A5048525391 @default.
- W4211235445 creator A5076183250 @default.
- W4211235445 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W4211235445 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
- W4211235445 title "Evaluation and Medical Management of Kidney Stones" @default.
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