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• W4212841241 endingPage "496" @default.
• W4212841241 startingPage "445" @default.
• W4212841241 abstract "Nationally, oil sands operations generate an array of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) during the extraction, production, and transportation. During the extraction and production of bitumen, the OSPWs, whether it’s generated from surface mining or steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), are conventionally treated through several chemical and/or physical stages. For instance, the produced water generated from SAGD process is traditionally treated by primary, secondary, and tertiary or emerging (if needed) treatment technologies. During the chemical treatment, sequential treatment steps consisting of warm lime softening (WLS), walnut shell filter (WSF), and weak acid cationic exchanging (WAC) processes are applied to reduce the high levels of silica, total organic carbon (TOC), and total hardness, respectively. With surface mining processes, considerable quantities of stable fine tailings are progressively produced. These stable fine particles are classically flocculated and consolidated by freeze-thawing, centrifugation, consolidated tailings (CT), and paste technologies (i.e., polymeric flocculation). With respect to storage and transportation of the recovered oil, pipelines are a critical part of oil transportation, and there are issues to be concerned about crude oil spills. These oil spills without an effective removal method showed adverse impacts to ecosystems and the long-term effects of environmental pollution that calls for an urgent need to develop wide range materials for cleaning up oil from oil-impacted areas. Unfortunately, most of the current treatment technologies for OSPWs are either ineffective and environmentally unfriendly or require high initial and/or running costs. Thus, oil sands companies are eagerly focusing on the optimization of current technologies and use of combined physical and/or chemical processes to comply with reuse and discharge limits. In this regard, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview about the main conventional treatment technologies applied in treating SAGD produced water, mature fine tailings (MFT), and oil spills. Our chapter critically discusses and widely demonstrates the conventional treatment technologies along with some emerging techniques that have been recently developed for treatment of OSPW from fundamentals to process optimization, materials applied, and eventually the parameters that affect the process efficiency based on the recent literature. Additionally, this chapter comprehensively describes tailoring designs of some eco-friendly nanoparticles developed by Nassar’s group at the University of Calgary to be effectively combined or integrated with the many physical and/or chemical processes utilized for remediation of OSPW." @default.
• W4212841241 created "2022-02-24" @default.
• W4212841241 creator A5009532860 @default.
• W4212841241 creator A5034716661 @default.
• W4212841241 creator A5084711694 @default.
• W4212841241 date "2021-01-01" @default.
• W4212841241 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W4212841241 title "Nanoparticles for Cleaning up Oil Sands Process-Affected Water" @default.
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