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- W4212898142 abstract "Simulating Steam Additive EOR Processes W.L. Buchanan W.L. Buchanan Computer Modeling Group Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium, Dallas, Texas, February 1985. Paper Number: SPE-13522-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/13522-MS Published: February 10 1985 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Buchanan, W.L. Simulating Steam Additive EOR Processes. Paper presented at the SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium, Dallas, Texas, February 1985. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/13522-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference Search Advanced Search AbstractThe simulation of EOR processes characterized by the injection of gases, solvents and/or chemicals with steam into a petroleum reservoir requires a fully implicit, thermal, compositional formulation. The simulator must be able to handle robustly and efficiently all the different types of PVT-composition behavior found in these processes. For reliable predictions, it also must accurately account for the complex physical effects that these additives have on oil, gas and aqueous phase properties such as density and mobility. Finally, the formlation must be able to accommodate future developments in steam additives EOR processes with a minimum of change to the simulator.This paper describes such a multi-phase multi-component thermal model. The use of global mole fractions as primary variables permits all phase equilibrium calculations to be carried out in an interchangeable flash module which is designed specifically for the type of additive being injected. The phase equilibrium constraints are coupled to the flow equations using a novel method which optimizes robustness and efficiency. Phase properties are calculated in another interchangeable module which is tailored to reproduce the desired effects of the additive.Results show that the simulator can handle wide range of steam injection processes efficiently. Several examples are used to compare this model with another model that employs a more conventional formulation.IntroductionThe recovery of oil by steam injection can be enhanced in many situations by the alternate or simultaneous injection of an additional substance such as gas, solvent, surface active chemical or foaming agent1–10. Among the physical mechanisms that contribute toward increased recovery are reduction of oil viscosity, control of mobility in high-permeability or swept-out zones, reduction of interfacial tension and residual saturations, and solution of gas in the oil for extended drive energy. A mathematical model would be a powerful tool in the evaluation of these complex thermal recovery processes. This paper discusses in detail the more novel aspects of such a model which is currently being developed.A mathematical model designed to describe the injection of steam with any of the additives mentioned above should satisfy the following requirements:It must be fully implicit with respect to time discretization to avoid small timestep size due to throughput constraints.Variables must be solved using full Newton iterations to avoid stability constraints and to ensure conservation of material and energy.The formulation (i.e., choice of primary iterating variables and equations) must be capable of handling any and all possible physical processes and thermodynamic states that will occur in a hydrocarbon reservoir.It must be able to accommodate any type of mathematical model describing physical properties and phase equilibrium.The structure of the model must be simple so that property and phase equilibrium calculations can easily be modified or replaced. This precludes the use of analytical expressions for Jacobian derivatives.It should be efficient.Requirements 1 and 2 are a result of the complexity of thermal recovery processes. Requirements 3 and 4 come from the observation that the additives listed at the beginning of this section are not all described by the same kind of mathematical treatment. Finally, requirements 5 and 6 stem from anticipation of the model's use as a practical process evaluation tool. Keywords: calculation, thermal method, property calculation, global mole fraction, phase equilibrium, fraction, gas phase, constraint, spe 13522, current model Subjects: Fluid Characterization, Improved and Enhanced Recovery, Phase behavior and PVT measurements, Thermal methods This content is only available via PDF. 1985. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download." @default.
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