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• W4213077195 abstract "Conventional extraction methods of proanthocyanidins (PAC) are based on toxic organic solvents, which can raise concerns about the use of extracts in supplemented food and nutraceuticals. Thus, a PAC extraction method was developed for grape seeds (GS) and grape seed powder using food-grade ethanol by optimizing the extraction conditions to generate the maximum yield of PAC. Extraction parameters, % ethanol, solvent: solid (s:s) ratio, sonication time, and temperature were optimized by the central composite design of the response surface method. The yields of PAC under different extraction conditions were quantified by the methylcellulose precipitable tannin assay. The final optimum conditions were 47% ethanol, 10:1 s:s ratio (v:w), 53 min sonication time, and 60 °C extraction temperature. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of catechin, procyanidin B2, oligomeric and polymeric PAC in the grape seed-proanthocyanidin extracts (GS-PAC). GS-PAC significantly reduced reactive oxygen species and lipid accumulation in the palmitic-acid-induced mouse hepatocytes (AML12) model of steatosis. About 50% of the PAC of the GS was found to be retained in the by-product of wine fermentation. Therefore, the developed ethanol-based extraction method is suitable to produce PAC-rich functional ingredients from grape by-products to be used in supplemented food and nutraceuticals." @default.
• W4213077195 created "2022-02-24" @default.
• W4213077195 creator A5060303404 @default.
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• W4213077195 date "2022-02-17" @default.
• W4213077195 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W4213077195 title "Optimization of the Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Grape Seeds Using Ultrasonication-Assisted Aqueous Ethanol and Evaluation of Anti-Steatosis Activity In Vitro" @default.
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• W4213077195 doi "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041363" @default.
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