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- W4213138950 abstract "The discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1895 was quickly followed by expanded use of ionizing radiation in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. It is now a key component of modern medicine and should be celebrated as one of the major scientific achievements of the last century. A second era involving radiation began in 1938 with the discovery of nuclear fission. This quickly led to development of the atomic bomb. Atomic bombs were dropped in 1945 on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, demonstrating the tremendous destructive power of the blast wave, thermal radiation, and ionizing radiation that cause substantial morbidity and mortality. The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, now the Radiation Effects Research Foundation was created to follow the (a) survivors who were in the cities when they were bombed, (b) individuals exposed in utero and born to survivors, and (c) an F1 population born to survivors. These cohorts have been studied to the present time. A small dose-related increase in cancer and chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases has been observed. Some dose-related health effects were observed in individuals exposed in utero. Detailed studies failed to identify heritable effects. A study using thousands of mice irradiated with high doses of radiation indicated a small heritable effect. Radiation protection standards for workers in the public put in place in the early 1940s have been highly effective at limiting health effects from ionizing radiation. There is an ongoing controversy over the appropriate dose–response model for ionizing radiation; a low-dose, a linear, no threshold model, or a threshold model. Concern for potential radiation exposures have been a major factor limiting expanded use of nuclear reactors to generate electricity, a carbon-free option for producing energy. This is remarkable since ionizing radiation as a hazardous agent has been more extensively studied than any other hazardous agent leading to effective standards." @default.
- W4213138950 created "2022-02-24" @default.
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- W4213138950 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4213138950 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W4213138950 title "Effects of ionizing radiation on reproduction and development" @default.
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- W4213138950 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-89773-0.00017-5" @default.
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