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• W42143607 abstract "There is now a consensus that multiple modalities can improve science learning and that science teaching and learning is multimodal. These modalities include verbal language, images, gesture, materials, diagrams and even mathematical conventions. Research suggests that teachers play a significant role in communicating science concepts to students through the use of various modalities. However, teachers need to know which modes are most apt to construct an understanding of the science concepts they wish to teach. There is also a need for teachers to use talk effectively in communicating science concepts. Research on dialogic teaching can improve the way teachers use talk to encourage students to participate in classroom discussion. This study explored ways that primary teachers use talk and modalities in science classrooms. One of the goals of this study was to identify ways that these teachers use talk along the authoritative-dialogic continuum using a framework developed by Mortimer and Scott. The second goal of the study was to identify modalities used by teachers in teaching science in the primary classroom. The third goal was to identify how primary teachers select, sequence and explain the different modalities in the science classroom. This study describes a multiple case study inquiry of year 4 and 5 science classrooms in 3 primary schools in Brunei Darussalam. Five primary teachers participated voluntarily. Observations, field notes and video recordings were taken of two lessons delivered by each teacher while teaching various science concepts. Transcripts of teacher-student interactions were developed from the 10 lessons. The communicative approaches utilized by the teachers, as categorized by Mortimer and Scott, and the modalities employed were coded. Episodes with unique characteristics of discourse around modalities were identified. Narratives were used to fully portray and contrast the representational practices in these identified episodes. Stimulated recall interviews were conducted with selected teachers to gain their insights into their use of talk and modalities in the classroom after their lessons were analysed. A thematic analysis was used to organize the categories of teachersr responses to the interviews. The findings describe the nature and incidence of teachersr patterns of discourse in terms of IRE (Initiation-Response-Evaluation) patterns of interactions, types of prompts, and types of communicative approaches used in each episode of the teacherrs lessons. The incidence and type of modalities used in each episode of the teachersr lessons was also coded. The findings revealed that the patterns of discourse and modalities used differed in each teacherrs lessons and impacted on the overall quality of the representational practices. Moreover, utilising modalities facilitates the teacherrs authoritative discourse in explaining science concepts. The findings show that teachers used a variety of prompts to explore, expand and clarify studentsr ideas as an alternative to providing simple evaluations of their responses. More specifically, the use of prompting students to give more answers promotes the quality of the dialogic discourse and exchanges with the students by encouraging studentsr contribution of ideas in the classrooms. The final stage of data analysis involved categorising the teachersr responses to stimulated recall interviews. Three teachers selected from the narratives were interviewed to gain their insights on using talk and modalities in science classrooms. Several themes and associated sub-themes were developed from responses to the stimulated recall interviews. The interviews involved the teacherrs critical reflection on their representational practices and discussions of the purposes of each modality used in their science classrooms. These teachers recognised that the nature and choice of communicative approach and modality use impacted on the quality of their teaching and on student engagement and understanding of science. The study also revealed that one teacher in particular exhibited an outstanding ability to orchestrate discourse and modalities in order to create conceptual links between different representations and to effectively translate meaning from one representation of a concept to another. In other words this teacher exhibited characteristics of representational fluency, which has also been described as being proficient in the accurate use of scientific language when elaborating or explaining scientific phenomena while flexibly translating between various representations. This study also illustrates the notion of teacherrs critical awareness of using, selecting and sequencing of modalities in relation to the effectiveness of studentrs learning. This study has implications for the professional development of primary science teachers. There is a need to develop teachersr critical awareness of the appropriate choice, orchestration and connection between discourse and modalities in the science classroom. This study also provides case exemplars of various primary teachersr use of discourse and modalities in the science classrooms particularly providing an example of the concept of lrepresentational fluencyr of one experienced primary science teacher. Effective strategies for selecting, utilising and integrating a diverse range of representations needs to be modelled to teachers, both pre-service and in-service to develop representational fluency in teaching science.n" @default.
• W42143607 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W42143607 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W42143607 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W42143607 title "Primary Teachers’ Talk in the Bruneian Context: Representational Fluency and Consequences for Science Classrooms" @default.
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