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• W4214741128 abstract "<strong class=journal-contentHeaderColor>Abstract.</strong> <span class=inline-formula><i>E</i></span> or pyriminobac-methyl (EPM), a pyrimidine benzoic acid esters herbicide, has a high potential as weedicide; nevertheless, its environmental behaviors are still not well understood. In this study, we systematically investigated, for the first time, the adsorption–desorption, degradation, and leaching behaviors of EPM in agricultural soils from five exemplar sites in China (Phaeozems – <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₁</span>; Anthrosol – <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₂</span>; Ferralsol – <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₃</span>; Alisol – <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₄</span>; Plinthosol – <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₅</span>) through laboratory simulation experiments. Our results show that the EPM adsorption–desorption results were well fitted by the Freundlich model (<span class=inline-formula><i>R</i>²<i>></i>0.9999</span>). In the analyzed soils, the Freundlich adsorption (i.e., <span class=inline-formula><i>K</i>_{f ads}</span>) and desorption (i.e., <span class=inline-formula><i>K</i>_{f des}</span>) coefficients of EPM varied between 0.85 and 32.22 mg<span class=inline-formula><math xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M12 display=inline overflow=scroll dspmath=mathml><msup><mi/><mrow><mn mathvariant=normal>1</mn><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant=normal>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg width=26pt height=11pt class=svg-formula dspmath=mathimg md5hash=f00be694fc1cd446b33ab7313474272f><svg:image xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=soil-8-237-2022-ie00001.svg width=26pt height=11pt src=soil-8-237-2022-ie00001.png/></svg:svg></span></span> L<span class=inline-formula><math xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M13 display=inline overflow=scroll dspmath=mathml><msup><mi/><mrow><mn mathvariant=normal>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg width=16pt height=11pt class=svg-formula dspmath=mathimg md5hash=7e0bec708e28ccd566f3c6a6d53000dc><svg:image xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=soil-8-237-2022-ie00002.svg width=16pt height=11pt src=soil-8-237-2022-ie00002.png/></svg:svg></span></span> kg<span class=inline-formula>^−1</span> and 0.78–5.02 mg<span class=inline-formula><math xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M15 display=inline overflow=scroll dspmath=mathml><msup><mi/><mrow><mn mathvariant=normal>1</mn><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant=normal>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg width=26pt height=11pt class=svg-formula dspmath=mathimg md5hash=2837478e44fa2f04afd915a5bf6658f1><svg:image xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=soil-8-237-2022-ie00003.svg width=26pt height=11pt src=soil-8-237-2022-ie00003.png/></svg:svg></span></span> L<span class=inline-formula><math xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M16 display=inline overflow=scroll dspmath=mathml><msup><mi/><mrow><mn mathvariant=normal>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg width=16pt height=11pt class=svg-formula dspmath=mathimg md5hash=37f1b14ee811e1159b86bd74c9da8085><svg:image xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=soil-8-237-2022-ie00004.svg width=16pt height=11pt src=soil-8-237-2022-ie00004.png/></svg:svg></span></span> kg<span class=inline-formula>^−1</span>, respectively. The mobility of EPM in soils <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₁</span>–<span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₅</span> was categorized as immobile, slightly immobile, highly mobile, slightly mobile, and slightly mobile, respectively. Moreover, the degradation of EPM reflected first-order kinetics, where its half-life ranged between 37.46 and 66.00 d, depending on the environmental conditions, and abiotic degradation was predominant in the degradation of this compound. Overall, the high leaching ability and desorption capacity of EPM were accompanied by a low adsorption capacity, and there were no significant relationships between pH and the leaching rate of EPM in the five types of soils. In contrast, the organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, and soil clay content were the main components responsible for the observed leaching rates. We found that EPM degrades easily, has a high adsorption affinity, and a low mobility in <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₁</span>, which results in a low contamination risk for groundwater systems. On the contrary, this compound degrades slowly in <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₂</span>, <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₃</span>, <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₄</span>, and <span class=inline-formula><i>S</i>₅</span>, due to a low adsorption affinity and moderate mobility, which results in a high contamination risk for groundwater systems. Therefore, our results may serve as a reference for evaluating the risks involved in the increasingly wide application of this compound." @default.
• W4214741128 created "2022-03-02" @default.
• W4214741128 creator A5016442442 @default.
• W4214741128 date "2022-03-01" @default.
• W4214741128 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
• W4214741128 title "Comment on soil-2021-103" @default.
• W4214741128 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-103-ac4" @default.
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