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• W4220762458 abstract "Abstract Understanding what factors influence plastic and genetic variation is valuable for predicting how organisms respond to changes in the selective environment. Here, using gene expression and DNA methylation as molecular phenotypes, we study environmentally induced variation among Arabidopsis lyrata plants grown at lowland and alpine field sites. Our results show that gene expression is highly plastic, as many more genes are differentially expressed between the field sites than between populations. These environmentally responsive genes evolve under strong selective constraint – the strength of purifying selection on the coding sequence is high, while the rate of adaptive evolution is low. We find, however, that positive selection on cis -regulatory variants has likely contributed to the maintenance of genetically variable environmental responses, but such variants segregate only between distantly related populations. In contrast to gene expression, DNA methylation at genic regions is largely insensitive to the environment, and plastic methylation changes are not associated with differential gene expression. Besides genes, we detect environmental effects at transposable elements (TEs): TEs at the high-altitude field site have higher expression and methylation levels, suggestive of a broad-scale TE activation. Compared to the lowland population, plants native to the alpine environment harbor an excess of recent TE insertions, and we observe that specific TE families are enriched within environmentally responsive genes. Together, our findings provide insight into selective forces shaping plastic and genetic variation. We also highlight how plastic responses at TEs can rapidly create novel heritable variation in stressful conditions." @default.
• W4220762458 created "2022-04-03" @default.
• W4220762458 creator A5032805440 @default.
• W4220762458 creator A5055738812 @default.
• W4220762458 creator A5061408372 @default.
• W4220762458 creator A5065913433 @default.
• W4220762458 creator A5081405150 @default.
• W4220762458 date "2022-03-27" @default.
• W4220762458 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
• W4220762458 title "Environmental response in gene expression and DNA methylation reveals factors influencing the adaptive potential of<i>Arabidopsis lyrata</i>" @default.
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