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• W4220766475 abstract "&lt;p&gt;ENSO features prominent asymmetries, in terms of amplitude, spatial pattern and phase-transition between warm and cold events. Here we examine the contribution of atmospheric nonlinearities to ENSO asymmetries through a set of forced experiments with the CNRM-CM6 AGCM and the NEMO OGCM. Control experiments can reproduce the major atmospheric and oceanic asymmetries of ENSO, with stronger signals east of the dateline for strong El Ni&amp;#241;o events, and west of it for strong La Ni&amp;#241;as. Ensemble atmospheric experiments forced by observed ENSO SST anomalies and their opposites allow diagnosing asymmetries in air-sea heat and momentum fluxes that are directly attributable to atmospheric nonlinearities. They indicate that atmospheric nonlinearities are largely attributable to nonlinearities in the rainfall-SST relation and act to enhance El Ni&amp;#241;o atmospheric signals east of the dateline and those of La Ni&amp;#241;a west of it. An ocean simulation where the non-linear signature of air-sea fluxes is removed from the forcing reveals that asymmetries in the ENSO SST pattern are primarily due to atmospheric nonlinearities, and result in a doubling of eastern Pacific warming during the peak of strong El Ni&amp;#241;o events and a 33% reduction during that of strong La Ni&amp;#241;a events. Atmospheric nonlinearities also explain most of the observed prolonged eastern Pacific warming into boreal summer after the peak of strong El Ni&amp;#241;o events. Atmospheric nonlinearities&amp;#160; also appear to contribute strongly to phase transition asymmetries. They indeed result in stronger, more equatorially focussed zonal wind stress anomalies during strong El Ni&amp;#241;o events. The resulting enhanced off-equatorial wind stress curl doubles the discharge rate after the peak of strong El Ni&amp;#241;o events, thereby promoting a more systematic transition&amp;#160; to La Ni&amp;#241;a through the recharge oscillator mechanism. Overall, these results imply that properly simulating the nonlinear relationship between SST and rainfall in CGCMs is essential to accurately simulate asymmetries in ENSO amplitude, spatial pattern and phase transition. Finally, we discuss the inherent limitations to our two-tier forced approach.&lt;span data-sk=&quot;tooltip_parent&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;" @default.
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• W4220766475 date "2022-03-28" @default.
• W4220766475 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
• W4220766475 title "Atmospheric nonlinearities strong contribution to the skewed ENSO amplitude and phase transition" @default.
• W4220766475 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8534" @default.
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