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• W4220951311 abstract "Zinc and copper are essential micronutrients that serve as a cofactors for numerous enzymes. However, when present at elevated concentrations, zinc and copper are highly toxic to bacteria. To combat the effects of zinc and copper excess, bacteria have evolved a wide array of defense mechanisms. Here, we show that the Gram-positive soil bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, produces the extracellular polymeric substance, poly-gamma-glutamate (γ-PGA) as a protective mechanism in response to zinc and copper excess. Furthermore, we provide evidence that zinc and copper dependent γ-PGA production is independent of the DegS-DegQ two-component regulatory system and likely occurs at a posttranscriptional level through the small protein, PgsE. These data provide new insight into bacterial metal resistance mechanisms and contribute to our understanding of the regulation of bacterial γ-PGA biosynthesis. IMPORTANCE Zinc and copper are potent antimicrobial compounds. As such, bacteria have evolved a diverse range of tools to prevent metal intoxication. Here, we show that the Gram-positive model organism, Bacillus subtilis, produces poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) as a protective mechanism against zinc and copper intoxication and that zinc and copper dependent γ-PGA production occurs by a yet undefined mechanism independent of known γ-PGA regulation pathways." @default.
• W4220951311 created "2022-04-03" @default.
• W4220951311 creator A5012893529 @default.
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• W4220951311 date "2022-04-27" @default.
• W4220951311 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W4220951311 title "Poly-Gamma-Glutamic Acid Secretion Protects Bacillus subtilis from Zinc and Copper Intoxication" @default.
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• W4220951311 doi "https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01329-21" @default.
• W4220951311 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35311566" @default.
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