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• W4220978103 abstract "The acceleration of charged particles by interplanetary shocks (IPs) can drain a non-negligible fraction of the plasma pressure. In this study, we have selected 17 IPs observed in-situ at $1,text{au}$ by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and the Wind spacecraft, and 1 shock at $0.8,text{au}$ observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP). We have calculated the time-dependent partial pressure of supra-thermal and energetic particles (smaller and greater than $50,text{keV}$ for protons and $30,text{keV}$ for electrons, respectively) in both the upstream and downstream regions. The particle fluxes were averaged for 1 hour before and 1 hour after the shock time to remove short time scale effects. Using the MHD Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions, we find that the fraction of the total upstream energy flux transferred to supra-thermal and energetic downstream particles is typically $lesssim!16%$, in agreement with previous observations and simulations. Notably, by accounting for errors on all measured shock parameters, we have found that for any given fast magnetosonic Mach number, $M_{f}!<7$, the angle between the shock normal and average upstream magnetic field, $theta_{Bn}$, is not correlated with the energetic particle pressure; in particular, the partial pressure of energized particles does not decrease for $theta_{Bn} gtrsim 45^circ$. The downstream electron-to-proton energy ratio in the range $gtrsim!140,text{eV}$ for electrons and $gtrsim!70,text{keV}$ for protons exceeds the expected $sim!1%$ and nears equipartition ($>!0.1$) for the Wind events." @default.
• W4220978103 created "2022-04-03" @default.
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• W4220978103 date "2022-03-01" @default.
• W4220978103 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W4220978103 title "In Situ Measurement of the Energy Fraction in Suprathermal and Energetic Particles at ACE, Wind, and PSP Interplanetary Shocks" @default.
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• W4220978103 doi "https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac54af" @default.
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